THE YELLOW RACES. 513 



evidently Indonesian origin. There are here also, but in vastly larger 

 numbers in Cambodia and the Tsiampa, descendants of ancient Hindoo 

 immigrants. Finally, there exist, especially in the south, a few small 

 tribes of Negritos. 



All the remaining population, Birmans, Thai's or Siamese, Annamites, 

 is bound up with that of Upper Asia, of which we have spoken before, 

 so that they all form a tolerably homogeneous totality, which approaches 

 the Tibetan very nearly. This Indo-Chinese type, subbrachyeepha 

 lous like the Tibetan, is subdivided into Burmah or Birman, Thai, and 

 Annamite. We have studied these three groups, one after the other, 

 and we have followed their progress downward from the mountains to 

 the deltas of the rivers, the basins of which they now occupy. A 

 primitive, fairly homogeneous population, of which we shall have to 

 speak again presently, at first occupied these lowlands; these people 

 had, however, to give up the parts adjoining the great water courses 

 to invaders of a different origin, who have gradually reached the 

 south. 



Some of these imported into the Eastern Peninsula elements of a 

 civilization which was evidently borrowed from India. I have endeav- 

 ored to present to you as complete a history of it as was possible, and 

 we have studied together with the greatest carefulness the admirable 

 monuments of their power and their art which they have left us in 

 Cambodia and the Tsiampa. Others were those Burmans, those Thai's, 

 (Siamese, Laotians), those Annamites, whose fierce conflicts with 

 Tsiampa and Cambodia we have followed from the beginning of this 

 bloody quarrel to the French occupation, which has saved the last 

 remnant of the Khmer people from utter destruction. I paid special 

 attention to the study of those ethnical elements that are peculiar to 

 the lands which we possess in the extreme East; and the examination 

 of the characteristic features of all kinds, which are noticed among the 

 former and the present inhabitants of the lowlands of the Me-Kong 

 and the Song-Koi, has detained us a long time. I was specialty inter- 

 ested in proving their perfect ethnical independence, as far as their north- 

 ern neighbors, the Chinese, are concerned, although they were their 

 masters long enough to impose upon them their mode of writing, their 

 system of mandarins and many other things, but whose supremacy has 

 never succeeded in altering, in any way whatever, the ethnical charac- 

 teristics of their subjects. The Annamites, who have been thoroughly 

 studied, as a race, in French Cochin China and Tonquin, have undergone 

 no external modifications that could be ascribed to these intermarriages. 

 To say the most, there have been found among the Tonquin people 

 some taller and mesaticephalous people, a fact which has been ascribed 

 to the intervention of Hos, immigrants from China, who were taller 

 in size and longer of skull. In the Eastern Peninsula, as everywhere 

 else, the Chinese who marries a native woman finds that the offspring 

 of this union, Minh-Huong, reproduces the features of the mother. At 

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