520 COMPULSORY MIGRATIONS IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN. 



The chart upon which have been mapped out the course of compulsory- 

 voyages shows very distinctly four separate districts in which craft are 

 driven out of their way, according to which this discussion is naturally 

 divided. These four districts, which will be examined successively, 

 are the following : 



District I. 1 — The islands between the Philippines and Gilbert Archi- 

 pelago from 0° to about lo° north. 



District II. — The islands west of Samoa and Tonga from 0° to 22° 

 south (western boundary of IS^ew Guinea). 



District III. — The islands east of Samoa in the same latitudes (east- 

 ern boundary, Crescent Island). 



District IV. — The northern basin of the Pacific Ocean. 



The results of our argument will form anthropogeographic conclu- 

 sions, to which we shall be led by the material gathered. 



DISTRICT I. 



The first of the districts marked out above lies in the monsoon region v 

 of southeastern Asia; here the vicinity of the continental masses of 

 land exerts an influence which greatly modifies the action of the winds. 

 Hence, justin this region, instances of compulsory migrations accumu- 

 late, and we find a fitting motive to the first field for examination in 

 the accidental voyages which start from the Malay Archipelago or find 

 their goal there. Eeports of such in former times exist in the descrip- 

 tions which Spanish missionaries and travelers give of the Philippine 

 Islands and neighboring groups. In the year 1638, a ship called Con- 

 ception was driven from Manila to Tinian, one of the Ladrones. 2 From 

 the letters of the missionaries, De Brosses states 3 that, in the year 1696, 

 tweuty-nine Pelew islanders, or natives of islands previously unknown, 

 were driven in two boats to Guivam, on the island of Samal. The wind 

 tossed them about for seventy days, and five of their number died from 

 the exertions and privations of this voyage of 800 kilometers. At the 

 same time two women were found on the same island who had been 



■We have intentionally avoided the usual names Micronesia, Polynesia, etc., 

 because the natural conditions compel us to assume a uniform population of the 

 Oceanic islands, and such a distinction in the nomenclature might easily lead to an 

 opposite comprehension. 



2 De Brosses-Adelung: Complete History of Ocean Voyages, page 553, and De 

 Brosses: Voyage aux terres australes, Vol. II, page 443. 



^The same, page 350. Cook : Third Voyage, French ed. I, page 254. Note Omai: 

 Reports, etc., page 109. Ellis gives in Polynesian Researches, I, page 125, forty per- 

 sons; so also does Malte-Brun, according to Palmer: Kidnapping, etc., page 30. 

 One of the castaways died soon after the arrival; there is also a difference of ten 

 persons; hut this seems later to Lave been merely an error in print. According to 

 Semper: Pelew Islands, page 356, it appears from the statements of Father Murillo 

 Velarde (Histoire, etc., page 375, and following Manila, 1749) that these islanders 

 fan not Lave been natives of Pelew, which tbe name of the island, Panlog, contro- 

 verts, but must have come from Yap, or still farther eastward. (The lettres 6dif. 

 also oppose it. j 



