524 COMPULSORY MIGRATIONS IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN. 



But still larger numbers of the inhabitants of the Marshall and Gil- 

 bert islands were carried out of their course and cast away farther 

 westward in the center of the Carolines. This fact may already be con- 

 jectured from Kadu's tales. According to his statements, "Fan ope" 

 must be groups of low islands, whose existence became known by the 

 frequency of voyagers from thence being cast upon Pnluhot; besides, 

 Kadu had learned on Puluhot a song in which a distant group of 

 islands, Malilegotot, is mentioned. 1 Fanope is scarcely identical with 

 Ponape, which shows a series of names that have a similar sound 

 because the latter island is mountainous. Nor do we suppose that 

 Funafuti or Fuana-tapu of the Ellice Islands is meant; but at any rate, 

 long compulsory voyages from west to east must be the foundation of 

 such traditions. Besides, we do not lack well- authenticated cases of 

 the same kind. In the year 1856, a boat was swept from Balick upon 

 Kusaie of the Caroline group, and a few days later another was driven 

 ashore upon the island of Mokil or Wellington, lying still farther west; 2 

 that is, a compulsory voyage of nearly 1,100 kilometers was made with 

 the wind and the current. It is also worthy of note that the inmates, 

 in spite of the forces working against them, succeeded in returning 

 home. Men from the Marshall Islands were also cast ashore upon the 

 Gilbert Islands lying toward the southeast; for instance, in the year 

 1861; and, on the other hand, inhabitants of the former were swept 

 upon Badack and Balick. 3 Hernsheim reports 4 the indubitable fact 

 that inhabitants of the Marshall Islands were carrieil farther to the 

 Carolines, to Pleasant Island, and still westward for distances of 2,700 

 kilometers. For instance, he himself took from Hongkong to their 

 home, the Kingsmill Islands, four native Mainas who, while on a short 

 cruise from one island to another, were surprised by a violent storm, 

 and in ten days carried to 2 degrees south and 161 degrees east — that 

 is, a distance of 1,300 kilometers. There they were taken on board a 

 French ship. The authenticity of a similar event is vouched for by the 

 French missionary Maigret. During his residence in Ponape, in the 

 year 1837, he saw a man who had landed there by accident from Mara- 

 kai, in the Tarawa group; on the other hand, it is asserted that this 

 very Marakai obtained its population from Ponape; the islands are 

 1,500 kilometers apart, and therefore, in this instance, it is an especially 

 favorable circumstance that the migration is compulsory. At the 

 same time two boats came to Tarawa from an island of the same Gil- 

 bert Archipelago, 5 lying southeast of it, called by Hale Amoi. c 



'Chaniisso: Bemerkungen, page 148. 

 2 Nautical Magazine, 1858, page 403. 

 3 Bastian: Inselgruppen, page 104. 



4 Mitteilungen der Geogr. Gesellsch. Hamburg 1885-86, page 303. 

 6 The Gilbert islanders build their boats of driftwood (Zeitschr. d. Ges. f. Erdk. 

 Berlin, N. F. 15, p. 370; and North. Pac. Sailing Directory, p. 939). 

 "United States Exploring Expedition, V, pages 85, 182, and 190. 



