COMPULSORY MIGRATIONS IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN. 531 



basin of the Northern Pacific to the American Continent. The voyages 

 to Hawaii may be regarded as transition stages to those to America. 

 The analogy applies to two compnlsory voyages, also of Japanese ves- 

 sels, the first, which sailed for Osaka, was cast away on Cape Lopatka 

 in July, 1729; the other was carried to the southern end of the island 

 of Kadiak. 



Kotzebue 1 states that Japanese have been carried to America, and 

 about the time when the Japanese junk reached Oahu such a boat also 

 landed near Cape Flattery, north of the mouth of the Columbia. 

 Sometimes Chinese ships were even driven to the northwestern coast 

 of North America. 2 In the examination of the Sandwich Islands, the 

 fact is specially worthy of note that articles are transported here which 

 show their origin in North America with the same cogency as the voy- 

 ages previously mentioned indicate Asia. Vancouver found in Kauai 

 a canoe 61^ feet long, which was hollowed from a single log. 3 



The prospects in the investigation in the case of New Zealand are 

 meager. Probably no one doubts that this pair of islands obtained its 

 population from an island centrally situated among the groups formerly 

 discussed, and a glance at the mechanical relations of the Pacific suf- 

 fices to make this easy of comprehension; but there is no positive proof 

 of it. The report that a ship on the way from Savaii to Tonga was 

 overtaken by a storm, driven toward Viti, and finally reached the coast 

 of New Zealand is shrouded in obscurity; 1 and it seems almost super- 

 fluous to cite the instance of a vessel driven out of her course, which 

 occurred on the northeastern coast of New Zealand. In June, 1841, a 

 boat from Opotiki was carried to Tauranga, which is only about 120 

 kilometers westward. The single point worthy of note here is the fact 

 that the incident occurred in consequence of a northeast storm. 



The Chatham Islanders trace their origin to New Zealand, aud have 

 the tradition that about the year 1750 their ancestors were driven on 

 shore by a westerly storm ; but these must not be confounded with the 

 New Zealanders who came there later for the purpose of trade. 5 We 

 deem this fact of importance, as it lays stress upon the point that the 

 primary act was the driviug out of the course, and the secondary one 



] A New Voyage, etc., Lond., 1830, II, pages 36, 48, 53. 



2 United States Exploring Expedition, by Wilkes (two volumes), II, page 295. 



"North Pacific Sailing Directory, page 1209. In Hawaii (eastern side") two anchors 

 were found ; Kotzebue supposes that they came from one of the ships which were 

 driven out of their course (see Jarves, p. 102); and the iron which Cook found in 

 the same place is said to have belonged to Spanish voyagers from Manila. (Bastian : 

 Inselgruppen, p. 242, note 2. Cook: Third Voyage, II, p. 402.) Cook thinks it 

 entirely a matter of course that this iron must have come from the east. The fre- 

 quency with which driftwood washes ashore along the whole northern rim of the 

 Pacific is generally known. 



^United States Exploring Expedition, V, page 147, and in reference to the Chat- 

 ham Islands, ibid., page 148, note. 



5 Tratlitions and Superstitions of the New Zealanders, page 34. 



