, r t66 THE CLIFF VILLAGES OF THE RED ROCK COUNTRY. 



The majority of these pictures are totems of clans, but with them are 

 many conventional symbols which have a widespread distribution in 

 our Southwest. The most elaborate single figure of all, which covers 

 a bowlder about miles south of Camp Verde, is composed of a net- 

 work of lines, recalling an irrigation system, a map of aboriginal ditches, 

 remains of which may be traced for many rods over the surface of the 

 plain at the base of the hill where it stood. 



THE PROVINCE OF TUSAYAN. 



ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE REGION. 



Notwithstanding the country immediately around the inhabited Moki 

 villages is one of the richest in ruins of any territory of like size in Ari- 

 zona, up to the present no systematic attempt to carry on excavations 

 in this region has been attempted. Yet archaeologists are not wholly 

 ignorant of the contents of these ruins, for collections of pottery, notably 

 that made by the trader, Mr. T. V. Keain, have shown the general char- 

 acter, beauty of form, and rich decoration of ceramic ware found in them, 

 and a memoir by Mr. Victor Mindeleff recounts some of the legends con- 

 nected with these ruins and makes known the architectural character 

 of the same. Unfortunately for the exact purposes of the archaeologist, 

 the special localities from which archaeological objects previously gath- 

 ered in Tusayan is doubtful or unknown, and their association too often 

 problematical. If our conclusions are to be trustworthy we must have 

 accurate data respecting the locality from which objects have been 

 taken, and this may be made possible only by excavations at the ruins 

 themselves. 



With a view of arriving at this exactitude in data, I chose for my 

 work in this country two well-known ruins, one of which is called 

 Awatobi, the other Sikyatki. The names of both of these villages are 

 known to Moki legends, and both are claimed as ancestral homes of 

 the tribe, Guided by these legends, excavations in the ancient ruins 

 I believed would be most fruitful, and it is not too much to say that the 

 results formed the most valuable part of my summer's explorations in 

 the Southwest. 



THE RUIN OP AWATOBI. 



The first reference in print in modern times to the ruin of Awatobi 

 is found in the late Capt. J. Gr. Bourke's account of the Snake Dance of 

 the Moquis, where he showed that the mounds called Tally Hogau by 

 the Navahoes were ruins of Awatobi of Spanish conquerors. Later this 

 ruin was described and figured by Mr. Victor Mindeleff in a report of 

 the Bureau of Ethnology. Captain Bourke's reference to Awatobi, how- 

 ever, is very brief, and Mindeleff's ground plan defective, including 

 only the ruin of the Mission of San Bernardino and adjacent houses, 

 omitting the older or main part of the village — the western mounds. 

 Tliis omission I have already rectified, and in 1802 published the first 

 complete ground plan of the ruin of Awatobi. 



