626 RELATION OF PRIMITIVE PEOPLES TO ENVIRONMENT. 



discuss especially this afternoon the effect of environment which 

 produces kinds of animals but grades of men. 



We will consider, then, the effect of an arctic temperature on animals 

 and men. The fishes of an arctic climate acquire blubber and use it as 

 a fuel in organic combustion. Many of the animals of the land and 

 air do the same; some develop hair, or wool, as a protection from the 

 storms; birds develop down. What effect will that arctic climate have 

 upon man? He does not develop blubber like the whale; he does not 

 develop wool like the ancient elephant; he does not develop down like 

 the eider duck. What effect has the environment upon himl The 

 effect is to stimulate his mental activities. He invents a house and 

 builds it of blocks of ice. Then he invents fire and with it a lamp in 

 which to burn the oil derived from the blubber of animals. Then he 

 invents clothing and utilizes the furs of animals and the down of birds, 



were provided, the first pertaining chiefly to vegetal and animal life, the second to 

 human life in its relations to lower organisms, as well as to the inorganic world. 

 Special topics and lecturers were so selected as to present typical aspects of the gen- 

 eral subject in the light of the latest researches, each lecturer being a recognized 

 authority in his line of study. 



Four of the lectures in the first course were already prepared for delivery or print- 

 ing, and were arranged in such order as to form an introduction to the general sub- 

 ject of environmental relations; the address on the persistence of fuuctionless 

 structures was specially prepared for the course, but the copy was not completed 

 when the author was called to Alaska. 



The lectures constituting the second course were specially prepared by the respec- 

 tive lecturers. 



The courses for the season were as follows : 



FIRST COURSE. 



Saturday, March 21. — The Battle of the Forest (illustrated). B. E. Fernow. 



Saturday, March 28. — The Adaptation of Plants to the Desert (illustrated). F. V. 

 Coville. 



Saturday, April 4. — The Spread of the Rabbit (with illustrations of rabbit drives). 

 T. S. Palmer. 



Saturday, April 11. — Insect Mimicry (illustrated). L. O. Howard. 



Saturday, April 18. — The Persistence of Functionless Structures. F. A. Lucas. 



SECOND COURSE. 



Saturday, April 25. — Relation of Primitive Peoples to Environment, Illustrated by 

 American Examples. J. W. Powell. 



Saturday, May 2. — The Dependence of Industrial Arts on Environment. O. T. 

 Mason. 



Saturday, May 9. — The Japanese Nation — A Typical Product of Environment. Gar- 

 diner G. Hubbaid. 



Saturday, May 16. — The Tusayan Ritual : A Study of the Influence of Environ- 

 ment on Aboriginal Cults. J. Walter Fewkes. 



Saturday, May 23. — The Relations Between Institutions and Environment. W .1 

 McGee. 



W J McGee, 

 G. Brown Goode, 

 J. Stanley-Brown, 

 Committee of Joint Commission on Saturday' Lectures. 



