RELATION OF PRIMITIVE PEOPLES TO ENVIRONMENT. 637 



There would be no language if there were uot two or more persons striv- 

 ing to express themselves to one another. 



Now, let ns see how wonderfully language is involved in all other 

 human activities. What pleasure would there be if there was but one 

 person living? What pleasure would there be if there were many per- 

 sons living who could not speak to each other? What welfare could 

 one person secure from the world if there were no language"? If there 

 were no means of linguistic communication there would be no industries 

 developed. What control could people exert over one another if they 

 could not speak to one another? There would be no institutions organ- 

 ized. What wisdom would there be if we could not by language learn 

 from another ? Our opinions mainly depend upon our training. A man 

 without language among men would be a fool, and a person who has no 

 language, as oral speech, written speech, or touch speech is practically 

 an idiot. By coordinate and contemporaneous development of all of 

 these activities which I have described, man largely becomes the crea- 

 ture of the social environment and the modifier and creator of the physi- 

 cal environment. Animal evolution and human evolution are immeas- 

 urably distinct things. Man is man by reason of his mind, and his 

 evolution is intellectual evolution. 



