650 INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT UPON HUMAN INDUSTRIES. 



(7) The weapons of war and capture were retrieving harpoons, gigs, 

 and the like; fish traps, clubs, few appliances for land animals. 



(8) They traveled in dugout canoes altogether, keeping close to shores 

 and water courses. At the extreme north the fine snowshoe, borrowed 

 from the Athapascan, was in vogue. 



The Columbia drainage area includes the entire basin of that stream 

 and some contiguous patches. It is very different from the foregoing, 

 having the following characteristics: 



(1) Stern, islandless coast, but prolific tide water and streams; rich 

 lands; mild climate. 



(2) Its material resources for savagery are siliceous and granular 

 rocks; textile plants and forest quite varied; salmon and waterfowl; 

 abundance of edible roots and fruits. 



(3) Their dietary included fish and mollusk, with camass, kouse, and 

 other roots and fruits in abundance; no agriculture; stone boiling and 

 pit roasting. 



(I) The tribes dressed partly in skins, partly in textile garments, but 

 the mild climate allowed them to expose their bodies much. 



(5) Their houses were likewise communal barracks, with interior 

 inclosures, but the huge totem post is lacking; furniture of greatly 

 varied matting, wallets, rigid baskets. 



(0) The arts were chipping and battering stone; no pottery; many 

 types of weaving and basketry, including plain, checker, diagonal, 

 twined bird cage, coiled meshes, and stitches; an exceedingly mixed 

 region. 



(7) Their weapons of capture and war were bows and arrows, har- 

 poons, lances, clubs, hooks, and traps. 



(8) They traveled in bark canoes, Arnoor type, and near the salt 

 water in excellent dugouts. On foot in winter they used coarse snow- 

 shoes. 



The interior basin of the United States includes the lands between 

 the western slopes of the Eockies and the eastern slopes of the Sierras. 

 It lies north of ISTew Mexico and Arizona, and includes the most of Col- 

 orado, Utah, Nevada, eastern Oregon, Idaho, and a corner of Wyoming. 

 Its characteristics are : 



(1) Partial deserts among mountains with rich and wooded patches. 



(2) Materials for savage arts, siliceous and friable stone, deer, ante- 

 lope, and other game, few fish, nutritious plants, poor timber, and 

 textile plants. 



(3) Diet meager, meat scarce, bread, mush, and soups of acorns and 

 wild plant seeds; insects and grubs eaten; cooking with hot stones 

 and roasting or parching in trays with hot stones. 



(I) Buckskin shirts, clouts, leggins, moccasin excellent, hats of 

 coarse, twined basketry; no tattooing. 



(5) Shelters of brush by the side of bluffs or in the open; partial 

 cave dwellers; stick beds, vessels of basketry dipped in pitch; no 

 pottery ; fire out of doors. 



