INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT UPON HUMAN INDUSTRIES. 6'53 



mountains and especially the Pacific slope of Colombia, Ecuador, and 

 Peru. The families of Indians were those usually called civilized. 

 The characteristics are: 



(1) Elevated and continuous plateaus broken here and there by 

 lofty mountains, beneath the plateaus vertical zones of climate; gener- 

 ally arid, desert in the south; gorges in the west slope, coast plain 

 little indented; culture forces centripetal. 



(2) Materials of arts, volcanic, architectural rocks, gold and silver; 

 coca, reeds, cinchona, cacao, maize, potato, beans, fish, llama, guanaco, 

 vicunya, paco; timber scarce. 



(3) Food of frozen potatoes on the plateau; maize, beans, meat, fish, 

 lower down. Coca is chewed to economize strength. 



(I) The clothing was woven stuffs of llama wool and cotton, fine in 

 quality and characteristically figured ; sandals. 



(5) The buildings were thatched huts in fortified villages, furnished 

 with hammocks or beds on the ground; open fire, dung fuel, griddle 

 and pot cooking. 



(6) The arts were hammering and carving of stone, building with 

 huge blocks, metallurgy, pottery modeling and molding; diagonal, 

 twilled, and open weaving; irrigation, quipu. 



(7) Stone-headed club, sling, wooden saber. 



(8) Traveling afoot, or on balsas of logs or reeds; carrying on human 

 backs or llamas, post roads and suspension bridges. 



Andean Atlantic slope, including the eastern margin of Colombia, 

 Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. It is in fact the loop in which arise the 

 great rivers that feed the Amazon. Its characteristics are: 



(1) A tropical piedmont, sloping eastward, profusely watered and 

 forested. 



(2) Its resources for culture have been little studied; mineral sub- 

 stances are little used; the vegetation is absolutely overpowering. 



(3) The food of the scanty population, is fish, monkeys, peccary, and 

 such natural fruits as may be found. 



(4) Little or no costume was anciently worn, except in the form of 

 ornament, which consisted of gorgeous plumage of birds sewed to bark 

 cloth and teeth and pretty seeds and wings of gorgeous beetles strung 

 in armlets, leglets, and necklaces. 



(5) Wooden houses thatched with palm leaf were the habitations, 

 with sleeping bunks. 



(6) The arts of life were those of savagery alone; little agriculture 

 was known. To hunt, to fish, to war, to combat nature and one another 

 was their continuous occupation. They were good woodworkers and 

 feather workers; had no pottery. 



(7) Weapons in this area were and are blow tubes and poisoned 

 arrows, rectangular sectioned, long bows, shields, trident lances, throw- 

 ing sticks, drum signals, dried heads, ourari. 



