654 INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT UPON HUMAN INDUSTRIES. 



(8) Travel afoot in the forests, now using the ever faithful machete; 

 use headband in carrying; water travel in canoes down the cataracts 

 of the upper rivers. 



Eastern Brazilian area, from the Tocantins Eiver eastward. The 

 characteristics of this area are : 



(1) Tropical climate, elevated table-lands between sierras, forested, 

 rivers filled with cataracts. 



(2) Little economic stone for savagery, or rather other useful sub- 

 stances easier to work more abundant; gems; vegetation immense; 

 food mammals scarce; birds of plumage, fish, and marine invertebrates 

 plentiful. 



(3) Food partly natural, partly cultivated, cassava, fish, mollusks, 

 turtles. 



(4) Clothing little or none, bark cloth; decoration of the person with 

 labrets, tattoo, and jewelry of teeth and other animal tissues. 



(5) Immense huts and shelters, open below, thatched roofs, ham- 

 mocks, central and individual fires. 



(6) Polished stone, no chipping; pottery massive; diagonal weaving; 

 shell heaps or sambaquis, agriculture. 



(7) Weapons are rounded bows decorated with feathers and geomet- 

 ric seizing; arrows barbed with bone or bladed; clubs. 



(8) Travel afoot; navigation of rivers difficult by reason of rapids; 

 on the coast of Brazil canoes and house boats. 



The central Brazilian area, the Matto Grosso, lying between the east- 

 ward sloping roof of Brazil and the Andean Atlantic slope, largely 

 between the Araguay and the western boundary of Brazil. It is a 

 most complicated area in its environmental resources, its stocks and 

 tribes, and its arts. Its characteristics are : 



(1) Hot climate, wet, alluvial, forested; rivers flowing into the Ama- 

 zon and the Paraguay, abounding in cataracts. 



(2) Materials of arts: Few minerals, replaced by bone, shell, and 

 teeth; palm wood, hard woods, excellent reeds, gourds, cotton; fish, 

 turtles, birds, monkeys. 



(3) Dietary mixed vegetable and animal, cultivated and wild; manioc, 

 yam, beans, fish. 



(4) Dress, little; clouts, pretty feather ornaments, jewelry of teeth, 

 masks, labrets, nose ornament; no tatoo. 



(5) Houses open shelters with palm-leaf roofs ; hammocks, open fires; 

 gourd and pottery dishes. 



(6) Tools of shell, teeth, bone; spindle, diagonal weaving, sand paint- 

 ing, cassava manufacture, agriculture; pottery quite suggestive of 

 mound-builders' ware. 



(7) Bows of Peru and of east Brazil and intermediary forms; arrows 

 with bone and reed points; throwing sticks Australian type, clubs, 

 axes. 



(8) Barefoot travel, headband and carrying frame; canoes of a single 

 piece of bark (wood skins) and dugouts. 



