INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT UPON HUMAN INDUSTRIES. 657 



association tviih aboriginal industries. 



House aud house life. 



Manufactures. 



Hunting, fishing, war. 



Locomotion anil trans- 

 portation 



Underground igloos of 

 earth on timbers or 

 whalebone; s n o w 

 hut s an d sum m e r 

 tents ; stone lamp 

 stove, dishes of wood. 



Conical bark lodges; 

 baskets, pots, and 

 dishes of wood, bark, 

 and basketry; stone 

 boiling. 



Conical and cylindrical 

 lodges of skin or bark ; 

 barracks, shell heaps ; 

 central fire; roasting 

 and boiling. 



Huts of cane, with mud 

 chinking, grass 

 lodges, earthworks, 

 snell heaps ; open fire, 

 smoking, roasting, 

 seething. 



Skin lodges in circles; 

 earth lodge; furniture 

 and utensils, and fuel 

 from the buffalo. 



Communal barr a c k s ; 

 totem posts, central 

 fires ; furniture and 

 utensils of stone and 

 wood ; stone boiling in 

 dugouts. 



Communal houses ; fur- 

 niture in greatly va- 

 ried textiles ; fire in 

 pits. 



Shelters ; live out of 

 doors ; stick beds ; ves- 

 sels of twined baskets, 

 pitched ; mush bas- 

 kets; fire outside. 



Chipping, sawing, grind- 

 ing, carving stone and 

 hard tissue ; tailoring 

 in skins; pottery a 

 little in the west. 



No pottery ; coiled bas- 

 ketry; bark vessels, 

 excellent skin dress- 

 ing and working; 

 curved knife. 



Chipped and polished 

 stone; poor pottery; 

 bark dugout and 

 wicker vessels; mor- 

 tar grinding ; skin 

 working ; twined bas- 

 ketry. 



Chipping and polishing 

 stone; gray pottery, 

 stamped; diagonal 

 weaving. 



Stone chipping ; pipe 

 making ; hammer- 

 stone, hafted; twined 

 basketry ; quill and 

 hide work ; little pot- 

 tery. 



Carved wood, slate, bone ; 

 twined, square, and 

 diagonal weaving in 

 wood, bark, and grass ; 

 no pottery. 



Flinty and granular 

 stonework; carving 

 in soft and hard mate- 

 rial ; no pottery ; bas- 

 ketry of five types. 



Chipping stone; no pot- 

 tery; good skin work- 

 ers ; twined baskets 

 for vessels; seed gath- 

 ering, milling, and 

 cooking. 



Harpoons, bird darts, 

 fish darts, lance, fish- 

 hook, net, trap, bow 

 compound and sinew- 

 backed. 



B >w and arrow, lance, 

 nets, hooks, traps, 

 and pounds, abundant 

 and varied. 



Club, stone knife, lance, 

 tomahawk, bow and 

 arrow plain, barbed 

 spear, pound, trap, 



Bows and reed arrows, 

 blow tubes, weirs, 

 tomahawks. 



Little fishing ; plain, 

 compound, and sinew- 

 backed bow, short ar- 

 row, club, lance, tom- 

 ahawk. 



Harpoons, floats, gigs, 

 weirs ; arts created by 

 fishing; daggers, skin 

 armor, slat armor, 

 slave killer. 



Harpoon, club, fishhook, 

 traps ; daggers, bows 

 and arrows. 



Sinew-lined bow, plain 

 arrow, short clubs; 

 round shields. 



Fur boots, ice creeper, 

 sled, dog, kaiak, 

 umiak ; snowshoes, 

 rude. 



Snowshoes, excellent; 

 bark canoes, tobog- 

 gans, dogs; much 

 portage. 



On foot ; in canoes and 

 dugouts ; snowshoes, 

 dogs, and portages at 

 the north. 



On foot; dugout ca- 

 noes ; rafts of cane. 



On footand snowshoes ; 

 bull-boat; dog and 

 horse for riding and 

 packing. 



Dugout canoes alto- 

 gether ; little land 

 travel except pack- 

 ing over the moun- 

 tains. 



Dugouts, bark boats, 

 monitor shape.; 

 open-work snow- 

 shoes ; packing over 

 the mountains. 



No artificial travel ; 

 carrying in conical 

 baskets with head- 

 band. 



sm 95- 



-42 



