ELECTRICAL ENERGY. 



219 



not apparently laid on the question of the reliability of the power. If the 

 industries of a large city depended upon a single transmission plant, it 

 is evident that the question of reliability is of paramount importance. 

 Where energy is supplied to manufacturers, to street-car systems, and 

 for lighting, a breakdown that would involve the cutting off of current 

 for a day would mean an enormous pecuniary loss to the community. 

 As the distance of transmission increases, the possibility of accident is 

 increased in greater ratio, because we have not only the higher voltages 

 to control, but the length of the line that must be looked out for is also 

 increased. The best guide lies in the practical experience which has 

 been obtained in the present transmission plants and the consideration 

 of the difficulties that have arisen and the remedies that have been 

 employed. I have prepared a partial list of the principal transmission 

 plants that are now in operation : 



Name. 



Ouray, Colo 



Geneva, Switzerland 



San Francisco, Cal 



Brescia 



Pomona and San Bernar- 

 dino. 

 Telluride, Colo 



Bodie, Colo . 

 Rome, Italy . 



Davos, Switzerland 



Sekongeisung, Germany. 

 Springfield, Mass 



Quebec, Canada 



Anderson, S. C 



Fitchburg, Mass 



Winooski, Vt 



Baltic, Conn 



St. Hyacinthe, Canada . 



Concord, N. E 



Fresno, Cal 



Big Cottonwood to Salt 

 Lake City, Utah. 



Lowell, Mass 



Sacramento-Folsom, Cal . . . 

 Redlands, Cal 



Lauffen to Frankfort, Ger- 

 many. 



Lauffen to Heilbronn 



Oerlikon Works, Zurich, 

 Switzerland. 



Portland, Oreg 



Silverton Mine, Colo 



Type. 



Direct 



....do 



....do 



do 



Single phase 



alternating. 



do 



.do 



.do 



do 



do 



2-phase alter- 

 nating. 



...'.do 



do 



do 



3-phaso 



do 



do 



do 



....do 



.do 



.do 

 -do 

 .do 



.do 



.do 

 .do- 



.do 

 .do 



Distance, 

 in miles. 



4 

 20 

 12 

 12 

 13ft to 28J 



4 

 35 



14 



(i to 15 

 24 



100 



Lino 

 voltage. 



800 



0,600 



8,000 



15, 000 



1,000 



3,000 



3,400 

 0,000 



3,660 

 2,600 

 3,600 



5,000 

 5,500 

 2,150 

 2,500 

 2,500 

 2,500 

 2,500 

 11, 000 



10, 000 



5,500 



10, 000 



2,500 



30, 000 



5,000 

 13, 000 



6,000 

 2,500 



Horse 

 power. 



1,200 

 400 



1, 000 

 700 

 800 



400 



160 

 2,000 



600 

 820 

 820 



2,130 

 200 

 400 

 150 

 700 

 600 

 5, 000 

 1,400 



1,400 



480 



4,000 



700 



000 

 450 



5,000 

 400 



Remarks. 



Successful, increasing 

 Successful. 

 Successful, years. 



Successful, increas- 

 ing, 4 years. 



To be increased 3,200 

 H.P. 



Successful. 



Increasing to 0,000 

 H. P., 3 years. 



Successful. 

 Do. 

 Do. 



Do. 



Do. 



Do. 



Do. 



Do. 

 Successful, 2 years. 



Do. 

 Successful, to be in- 

 creased. 

 Successful. 



Do. 

 1 year. 



3 years, extend in g 

 lines in other towns. 

 (Experimental.) 



Successful. 

 Do. 



Do. 

 Successful, to be in- 

 creased. 



