254 THE PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF AUSTRALIA. 



from east to west, their northern limit being unknown. They are luxuri- 

 antly grassed and have been crossed at times when "the long line of 

 camels left a track behind them in many places as there would be if 

 they had passed through a cornfield." The map of the coastal district 

 west of these plains is annotated with such brief descriptions as "Low 

 level country covered with dense thickets and scrub, and apparently 

 salt lakes and marshes, the horizon appearing from the southward level 

 and uniform as the sea." "Clear open grassy country." "From this 

 point vast plains of grass and saltbush with scarcely a tree on them, 

 extending as far as the eye can reach in every direction." "Very gently 

 undulating grassy country. Limestone formation 300 feet above the 

 sea." Northerly and easterly of these plains the geological formation 

 appears to be granite covered with sand. The granite outcrops occur 

 in many places, and it is interesting to note that the only permanent 

 water for many miles in any direction seems to be at a range where the 

 granite ends and the limestone formation begins. 



In the southeastern districts of South Australia the general physical 

 aspect of the territory affords a pleasant contrast to that of the coun- 

 try to the north and northwest. Here are located several prominently 

 marked areas of elevation, denoted by the Mount Lofty, Flinders, Hum- 

 mocks, and Gawler ranges. Of these, the first extends from Cape 

 Jervis northerly about 80 miles to the Little Para Eiver, its culminat- 

 ing point, Mount Lofty, being 2,334 feet above sea level. This range, 

 which follows the general course of the Murray Eiver to the thirty- 

 fourth parallel of latitude, is flanked on the eastward for about 20 

 miles by a chain of ranges of less prominence, extending from Encoun- 

 ter Bay in broken masses to Ulooloo, a distance of nearly 200 miles, 

 and including the following conspicuous points: Mounts Magnificent 

 (1,372 feet), Barker (1,681 feet), Gould (1,753 feet), Rufus (1,807 feet), 

 and Bryan (3,065 feet); the Burra Hill (2,018 feet), Kaiserstul (1,973 

 feet), and Bazorback (2,835 feet). Smaller ranges, Barossa, Julia, 

 Princess Boyal, and Never Never, lie to the north of Mount Lofty 

 Range. 



The Hummocks or Barunga Range commences on the west side of 

 Gulf St. Vincent, about 10 miles from the head, and runs northerly 

 for 60 miles to the Broughton River. South Hummock, Black Point, 

 and Barn Hill are its most prominent features, the first being 1,064 

 feet high. 



Flinders Range commences on the Broughton, a little southeast of 

 the termination of the previously named range, and runs northerly by 

 way of Mount Remarkable (3,178 feet), The Bluff (2,300 feet), Mount 

 Brown (2,200 feet), Mount Arden (2,750 feet), and St. Marys Peak 

 (3,900 feet) for about 200 miles, having steep spurs to the west and 

 less elevations on its eastern side. Among the last are the Wonoka, 

 Wilpena, Elder, Chace, and Druid ranges. It then continues in a 

 northeasterly direction by Mount Serle (3,000 feet) and Freeling 

 Heights (3,120 feet) to Mount Distance for 120 miles farther. 



