394 PROCESSES OF LIFE REVEALED BY THE MICROSCOPE. 



that can influence the result is being duly considered, the inicroscopist 

 can go forward with enthusiasm and with hope, not with the hope that 

 the great central question can be answered in one generation, perhaps 

 not in a thousand, but confident that if each one adds his little to the 

 certain knowledge of the world, then in the fullness of time the knowl- 

 edge of living substance and the life processes will be so full and deep 

 that what life is, though unanswered, may cease to be the supreme 

 question. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



The following are a few of the works used in the preparation of the foregoing 

 address : 



For general discussions of the problems treated, the works of Herbert Spencer 

 and other philosophers may be consulted with profit. For extended references, the 

 Index Catalog of the Library of the Surgeon-General's Office, the Index Medicus, 

 the Physiologisches Centralblatt and the Anatomischer Anzeiger will put the reader 

 on the track of most of the books and papers that have appeared. 



Bernard, Claude. Lecons sur les phenomenes de la vie commune aux animaux et 

 aux vegetaux. Twq volumes, Paris (1878-79). 



These volumes show, in the way only a master like Bernard could show, the essential unity of 

 the life processes in animals and plants. 



Chittenden, R. H. On digestive proteolysis, being the Cartwright lectures for 1894. 

 New Haven, 1895, p. 137. 



He makes very clear that in ahsorption the vital activity of the epithelium is necessary, and 

 that it is not a mere matter of physical diffusion. See p. 116, etc. 



Claypole, Agnes M. The Enteron of the Cayuga Lake Lamprey. Proc. Amer. 

 Micr. Soc, Vol. XVI (1894), pp. 125-164, eight plates. 



Besides the structural changes in the physiological process of transformation from the larval 

 to the adult condition, the enteric epithelium and its structural features in action are shown; 

 also the ciliated and striated border of the enteric epithelial cells. 



Claypole, Edith J. An Investigation of the Blood of Nectur us and Crijptobranchus. 

 Proc. Amer. Micr. Soc, Vol. XV (1893), pp. 39-76, six plates. 



This is the investigation referred to in discussing cellular altruism, in this address. 



Cope, E. D. The Energy of Evolution. American Natnralist, Vol. XXVIII (1894), 

 pp. 205-219. 



Prom this paper is taken the quotation in this address. 



Dallixger, W. H. On a series of experiments made to determine the thermal 

 death point of known monad germs when the heat is endured in a fluid. Jour- 

 nal of the Royal Microscopical Society, Vol. Ill (1880), pp. 1-16. 



See also his presidential address published in the same journal, pp. 185-199 (1887). This 

 investigation was carried on for nearly seven years, and organisms living normally at a temper- 

 ature of 15° to 20° centigrade were inured to a temperature of 70° C. Dr. Dallinger poinied out 

 some of the physical appearances passed through by the organisms in their acclimatization. 

 See also Davenport and Castle. 



Davenport, C. B. and Castle, W. E. On the Acclimatization of Organisms to 

 High Temperatures. Archiv fiir Entwickelungsmechanik der Orgauismen. II 

 Band, 2 Heft., pp. 227-249. (1895.) 



This paper gives in tabular form a history of the observations of various authors on acclima- 

 tization of various living forms naturally, as in the waters of hot springs, and artificially. 

 Their own experiments on tadpoles are highly suggestive and they point out some of the 

 chemieo-physical changes occurring in the adaptation of the living substance to the unusual 

 environments. See also Dallinger. 



