PUEBLO RUINS NEAR WINSLOW, ARIZONA. 519 



from the formation underlying' the Middle Mesa of Tusayau, which will, 

 it is hoped, shed light on obscure points in Tusayan geology. 



The archaeological material consists of a large collection of prehis- 

 toric pottery of many different forms, colors, and degrees of excellence, 

 stone implements, basket ware, cloth, jewelry, pigments, and sacred 

 paraphernalia, the majority of which are of a mortuary character. 



The series of skulls which were collected numbers eighty, which is 

 the larg »st assemblage of somatological material ever made from the 

 ruined pueblos of the Colorado Chiquito. The close resemblance 

 between the skulls of the ancient Cibolans and those of the accolents of 

 the Gila-Salado has been commented on by others. 1 The modern Jlopi, 

 however approach more closely to the former inhabitants of the Gila 

 Valley in their craniometric features than do the modern Zunis. The 

 large collection of skulls from Chaves Pass affords abundant material 

 for the solution of an important question, and when properly "worked 

 up" will shed light on the relationship of the Pueblos to the Gila and 

 Salt River tribes. 



We recognized that it would be instructive, in view of the agricul- 

 tural life of prehistoric Pueblos, to know something of the animals, 

 domestic and otherwise, by which the ancients were surrounded, or 

 those which they hunted and used for food. For the purpose of answer- 

 ing this question we carefully gathered all bones of animals found in 

 excavating the rooms of Homolobi, especially those associated with 

 undoubted prehistoric material. This unique collection grew to con- 

 siderable size, and will furnish material for a special article. 



In addition to objects I collected abundant notes, photographs, and 

 drawings, gathering data for elaboration into special articles. I have 

 been able to fill several gaps in my knowledge of the intricate Tusayan 

 ritual, especially the secret rites of the Snake dances at Cipaulovi, 

 Oraibi, and Cufiopavi. 2 



SCOPE AND AIM OF THE EXPLORATION. 



The primary object of my expedition was a collection of prehistoric 

 material from our Southwest, and in pursuit of this end I was able to 

 continue the lines of investigation inaugurated in the summer of 1895. 

 I am attempting to follow an archaeological base line from the inhab- 

 ited pueblos of Tusayan to the ruins of the Gila and Salado watershed. 

 Broadly considered, the goal before me is to determine the origin of 

 the southern component of the Moki Indians, and the special aspect 

 of that problem, which I considered in the summer of 1896, was to 

 investigate by archaeological methods the claim of the Patki family 

 that their ancestors lived near Winslow and at Chaves Pass. 



1 Journ. Amer. Eth. and Arch., Vol. III., No. 2. 



2 This material was published in the Sixteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of 

 American Ethnology. 



