524 PUEBLO RUINS NEAR WINSLOW, ARIZONA. 



common. The place of interment extended from the northeast to the 

 southeast angles of the ruin, and the average depth of burial was about 

 five feet below the surface of the ground. Very shallow graves were 

 also common, but the deeper we excavated the better preserved were 

 the mortuary objects, the finest pottery being found at the lowest depth. 



There appeared to have been no consecration of the soil in which 

 the dead were once interred, and the same burial ground was appar- 

 ently used several times, after intervals of time. The habit of placing 

 mortuary votive offerings wa a almost universal, and almost every grave 

 excavated coutained one o*" more objects of pottery, 1 stone implements, 

 ceremonial paraphernalia,, and the like. The perishable food material 

 formerly deposited in the bowls was, as a rule, so much destroyed that 

 no opinion can be expressed in regard to its character. Valuable orna- 

 ments were left on the bodies of the dead. 



The pottery from Homolobi differs in color from the true Cuhopavi 

 and Sikyatki wares, but contains a considerable number of bowls, vases, 

 and jars of similar form. Roughly speaking, about one-third of the 

 specimens from Homolobi are similar in color with those from Sikyatki ; 

 another third, red and black ware, which is glazed, and the remainder, 

 white and black, like the cliff home pottery. These differences in color 

 are, I believe, mainly due to the kind of clays, pigments, and other com- 

 ponents used in their manufacture, but the symbolism of all wares, 

 however colored, is practically identical. 



The large number of vessels belonging to the red and black, and 

 black and white varieties, identical with those sometimes said to be 

 characteristic of the cliff dwellers, lead me to the conclusion that the 

 ancient pueblo villages made the same kind of pottery, and adorned it 

 in the same way, whether they lived in cliff houses or in villages in the 

 the plain. 2 This conclusion could not have been demonstrated with- 

 out extensive excavations in pueblo ruins, such as the means at my 

 disposal made possible in the Homolobi region. 



Vases, as a rule, are ornamented on the exterior, and I have but a 

 single specimen decorated on the interior. This figure represents on 

 one side of the rim the head, breast, and arms of a human being, hold- 

 ing in outstretched hands rattles or spears. Below this figure there 

 are, in the interior of the bowl, two footprints, as if from one who had 

 leaped into the jar. From these two footprints a line of steps extends 

 across the interior of the jar, ending on the diametrically opposite rim, 

 behind a figure of the lower body and legs of a man crawling out of 

 the bowl on the opposite side. This internal decoration is unique, and 

 undoubtedly had an important meaning in the mind of the delineator. 



The pictographic decorations of Homolobi pottery which can be 

 identified are few in number compared with those from Sikyatki, which 



'While much pottery was broken, many pieces were entire. 



2 In other words, while black and white ware is among the most abundant kinds 

 in cliff houses, it^is not characteristic of or confined to them, thus indicating con- 

 temporaneity of occupation. 



