TUEBLO EUINS NEAR WINSLOW, ARIZONA. 525 



is, I believe, a highly significant fact. The figures of birds predominate, 

 but these differ essentially from those represented in the palaeography 

 of Cunopavi and SikyatkL As a rule, they are crude in form and less 

 artistically made, a generalization which is likewise true of the ceramic 

 ware as a whole, looking at it either from the point of view of finish or 

 ornamentation. The ancient pottery from Sikyatki and old Cniiopavi 

 is superior to any which I have examined from the Southwest. That 

 from the Homolobi region is cruder, more like ancient Znfii ware, indi- 

 cating a less developed artistic taste and pointing to but not proving 

 a high development of culture in prehistoric Tnsayan. As we compare 

 articles from the Chevlon ruin with those from Zuni we find close like- 

 nesses, 1 but if anything the ancient Gibolan ware is inferior to that of 

 Homolobi, both of which is greatly inferior to the ancient Tnsayan 

 pottery. 



The only instance in which I have found a figure of the spider in 

 pottery from prehistoric ruins of the Southwest was on a food basin, the 

 interior of which was adorned with a representation of this animal. It 

 had the four pairs of legs characteristic of Araclmida, the globular 

 body, and prominent mandibles of this group. In modern mythology 

 the spider woman is associated with the sun, and it is probable that she 

 is an earth goddess, bride of the sun, called the mother or grandmother 

 of the twin war gods. It is interesting to find on the outer rim of this 

 bowl with spider decoration a figure of the sun similar to that now 

 made yearly by the chief of the Katcinas on the floors of the sacred 

 rooms or kivas in the celebration of the series of ceremonials called the 

 Powamu. 2 



The maize found in the mortuary bowls at Homolobi, and the same is 

 likewise true of the other ruins studied by me, was a small-eared variety, 

 in some instances not more than one or two inches in length. There 

 were many squash seeds, a few cotton seeds, and others not identified/' 



Among objects of doubtful use found at Homolobi may be mentioned 

 the plastron of a turtle which was cut into a circular form or disk. 

 While we were at work on our excavations at Homolobi a small party of 

 Hopi made a visit to the Chevlon and Clear creeks to collect turtles 

 for use in the sacred dance. They also made j>rayer offerings, which 



1 Both tlie ancient Zuni pottery and that from lower down the Colorado Chiquito 

 are similar in color, doubtless because of identity in the constituents of the clay and 

 the action of tire upon it. 



-The modern symbol of the sun which is depicted on the pottery now made in 

 Tnsayan is likewise found on the altar screen of the PaliiliikoFiti, or serpent-sun cer- 

 emony, and in various other altar paraphernalia. The sun symbol of the Katcinas, 

 however, is slightly different, and that on old pottery resembles the Katcina variant. 

 I suggest that the dual symbol thus recognized can be explained on the theory of 

 diverse origins. 



3 Among the present people in Tusayan, who claim that their ancestors came from 

 the far South, the Squash people were regarded most important. It is held that these 

 people, together with the Sun, Water, and others, once lived on the banks of the 

 Little Colorado. On their advent in Tusayan they settled Tcukubi, a pueblo of 

 the Middle Mesa, now in ruins. The gens is now extinct at Walpi. 



