PUEBLO RUINS NEAR WINSLOW, ARIZONA 



529 



cross, and four parallel marks were cut on one edge. The stone was 

 soft, probably limestone, and must have been originally brought to 

 Chevlon from some distance, as similar rock, in place or in fragments, 

 was not found in the vicinity. I have not seen an ax of the same mate- 

 rial from any pueblo ruin, but the majority of stone implements are of 

 harder rock. The stone axes from Homolobi are of chipped stone, 

 without groove for halting. 



Several forms of arrow straighteners were found, one of these in the 

 form of a frog. These also served as arrow polishers, and are at the 

 present day used in polishing prayer sticks. 



Several stone slabs found in the Ghevlon ruin had one surface covered 

 with two rows of blackened circles. They were too heavy for trans- 

 portation, and my photographs of them were failures. Their use or 

 significance is not known to me. 



The occurrence of metates, or grinding stones — flat, worn slabs of 

 rock, on which seeds, probably corn, were ground — in the graves of 

 women indicates a burial custom not without a parallel in modern times. 

 These metates were commonly inverted over the skeleton of the woman 

 at burial. The Indian workmen said that in all instances they indicate 

 the sex of the dead, and, as far as my osteological knowledge goes, it 

 seemed to me that they were right in that statement. 



Several objects for personal decoration were taken from the Chevlon 

 ruin, one of the most interesting of which was a large button of 

 polished lignite. A square fragment of the same material, found on a 

 skull near the mastoid process, was inlaid with five small turquoises, 

 one at each angle and one in the middle. This was the only specimen 

 of lignite inlaid with stone which was found, but several specimens of 

 incrusted shell, wood, and bone were taken from the Chevlon ruin. The 

 number of marine shells found in the Colorado Chiquito ruins was very 

 great. 1 



The following have been identified: 2 



Pectunculus giganteus, Reeve. 

 Melongena patula, Rod. & Sow. 

 Strombus galeatus, Wood. 

 Conns Fergusoni, Sow. 

 Cardium elatum, Sow. 



Oliva angulOfta, Lain. 

 Oliva Matula, Gmelin. 

 Oliva biplicata, Sow. 

 Turritella tegrina, Keiner. 



The most beautiful ornament or fetich of shell incrusted with turquoise 

 was found at the smaller of the two ruins at Chaves Pass. It was a 

 specimen of Pectunculus giganteus covered with gum, in which were inlaid 

 rows of turquoises nicely fitted together in the form of a frog or toad. 

 This beautiful object was evidently an ornament, and was taken from 

 the breast of a skeleton buried several feet below the surface in the 

 smaller of the Chaves Pass ruins. As an example of mosaic work this 



'See Pacific Coast Shells from Prehistoric Tusayan Ruins. Amer. Anth., Novem- 

 ber, 1896. 

 2 For objects made from them, see my article, Amer. Anth., November, 1896. 

 SM 96 34 



