532 PUEBLO RUINS NEAR WINSLOW, ARIZONA. 



It is well wooded with beautiful trees, and abundant water, one of the 

 delightful camping places in this part of Arizona. The walls of both 

 ruins were built of lava rocks, and the hills nearby are capped with 

 nialpais. From the site of the smaller a wide outlook can be had 

 across the valley of the Little Colorado to the far distant Moki buttes, 

 those great conical elevations of rock which form conspicuous land- 

 marks, for miles about and are in sight of the present Moki villages. 

 The elevation of the ruins at Chaves Pass was considerably higher than 

 that of Homolobi. Chaves Pass from prehistoric times was one of the 

 few available passageways over the Mongollon mountains, and through 

 it ran an old Moki trail, reputed to have been the way used by Hopi 

 traders in visiting the peoples south of the mountains. The tributaries 

 of two watersheds arise from it a few miles away, one flowing into the 

 Little Colorado, the other into the Gila; both eventually into the Gulf 

 of California. 



The position of the Chaves Pass ruins is therefore a most important 

 one in discussion of the migration of peoples north and south along 

 these river valleys, and a determination of the culture of the people 

 which inhabited pueblos on such a site is of great importance in a dis- 

 cussion of the ancient home of that component of the Hopi people who 

 claim to have come from the southern region. 



The larger of the two Chaves Pass ruins consisted of two rectangu- 

 lar parts connected by a wall. The highest houses were on the north 

 side, and the rooms of the eastern end were well marked. 



Several hundred skeletons were exhumed from the cemeteries at the 

 Chaves Pass ruins, many of which were brought back for examination. 

 These were of the brachycephalic type, the majority with well-marked 

 artificial flattened occipital regions. From a superficial examination 

 they appear to resemble those of the Salado-Gila ruins, but their affini- 

 ties will be discussed in a special memoir. 



Two of the skulls found in the excavations at Chaves Pass had 

 frontal and facial bones stained green. I suppose this was due to the 

 fact that copper carbonate was placed on the face in funereal rites, and 

 that after decay of the tissues, the color stained the bones of the face. 



The only specimen of metal found in our digging was a copper bell 

 from the cemetery at Chaves Pass. This bell was found ten feet below 

 the surface of the ground with a human skeleton. It is identical with 

 bells found in graves in Salado Valley, at Casa Grande and old Mexican 

 ruins, and has the same form as the clay imitation described by me from 

 Awatobi, in my report last year. I see no good ground for the sus- 

 picion that this bell indicates Spanish influence, for its form is identical 

 with those made and used by Mexican and Central Indians, of gold and 

 copper prior to the advent of the Conquistadores. 



The flat stones with perforations, which, as already shown, were 

 marked indications of the graves at Homolobi and the Chevlon ruin, 

 were not found at Chaves Pass, for this kind of stone does not occur 



