536 PUEBLO RUINS NEAR WINSLOW, ARIZONA. 



MicoSinovi, Cunopavi, and Oraibi, names which can all be recognized 

 in Espejo's list of 1583. 



Of these pueblos the first mentioned has been destroyed, 1 and the 

 last still occupies its ancient site, while the others have been moved to 

 the tops of adjacent mesas. 



Old Cunopavi, or "Cuinupabi," as it was known in earliest records, 

 was situated in the foothills near the spring east of the mesa on which 

 stands the present pueblo. The remnants of the ancient house walls 

 indicate that it was a village of considerable size, and of an old archi- 

 tectural type. It had a mission in the early days, the walls of which 

 are now used as a sheep corral. The cemeteries of old Cunopavi were 

 very extensive, some situated near the old walls and others more distant. 

 A tract of sand, about a half mile.east of the town, was a burial place, 

 which is thought to have been used by the old Cunopavi people. 



We camped on the edge of this cemetery, as near as we could get our 

 wagon to the spring, and I began work with high hopes of success. I 

 was aided by a large force of native workmen from Walpi, but was 

 obliged to suspend my explorations after two very remunerative days' 

 work, during which over one hundred and twenty beautiful pieces of 

 pottery had been exhumed. The chief of Cunopavi, incited by the 

 chiefs of MicoSinovi and Cipaulovi, he said, objected to my digging in 

 the ancient cemeteries on the ground that such work would create great 

 winds which would blow away rain clouds and thus deprive them of 

 rain for their farms. He likewise stated that disturbing the graves 

 would incense Masauuh, the god of death, and kill the little children. 

 After a long talk with the Cunopavi chief, Xacihiptewa, whose feelings 

 I respected, I came to the conclusion that the time was not yet ripe for 

 archaeological work so near the inhabited pueblos. The necropolis of 

 Old Cunopavi is one of the richest in scientific treasures in Tusayan, 

 and will some day yield to the student a wealth of material destined to 

 throw a flood of light on Tusayan cults and customs in prehistoric and 

 early historic times. 2 



The pottery from Old Cunopavi is most closely allied in texture, color, 

 and symbolism to that of Sikyatki, the best in the Southwest. This 

 ware is, as a rule, cream or yellow colored, very smooth, made of finest 

 paste, but never glazed. No specimen of the red ware which forms 



1 Smithsonian Report, 1895: Coronado sought " seven" cities of Cibola or Zufii, 

 and Castafieda, Mo,tolinia, and others said that Cibola had that number. Jaramillo, 

 however, speaks of but five pueblos in Cibola. Camuscudo mentions six, and a few 

 years later Espejo gives names of the same. In Ofiate's act of obedience in 1598 

 only six pueblos are mentioned. To reconcile Castafieda's and Onate's enumeration, 

 Bandelier considered it "as probable that one village was abandoned within forty 

 years after Coronado's departure;" but Jaramillo, who gathered his data "on the 

 spot," and was with Castafieda on Coronado's expedition Avrote, "Hay en esta 

 provincia de Cibola, cinco pueblezuelos, etc." Modern research has not yet demon- 

 strated that Coronado found "seven" pueblos in Cibola or Zufii. 



2 A beautiful collection was taken from this locality in the spring of 1897, and sold 

 to the Field Columbian Museum. 



