556 BOWS AND ARROWS IN CENTRAL BRAZIL. 



2. Guiana feathering. — Small, and carefully laid on. Two short half 

 feathers are bound to the shaft in different places with seizings of fine 

 thread. The shaft has always a nock piece to fit against the stretched 

 bow string in shooting. An account of its distribution and of the foot- 

 ing or nock piece will be given further on. 



3. The Shingu sewed feathering. — Two half feathers stitched to the 

 shaft opposite each other through perforations. The ends are seized 

 fast with plain or patterned lashing. (PI. LYII, fig. 9.) 



4. The Arar a feathering. — Two long half feathers, which, in addition 

 to tbe end seizings, are held down by narrow wrappings of thread at 

 short distances apart. At the nock the wrapping is done in beautiful 

 patterns. (PI. LVIII, fig. 14.) 



5. The Mauhe feathering. — Like the east Brazilian feathering, has 

 two entire feathers bound on above and below. At the base of the shaft, 

 however, a nock piece or footing is set in. (PI. LVIII, fig. 13.) 



6. The Peruvian feathering. — Constitutes a little group on the Ucayale 

 and is quite like the east Brazilian on the whole. 



Perhaps the Maune" feathering, as well as the Peru wrapped feather- 

 ing, belong genetically together with the Tupi feathering in the east 

 Brazilian group. By this is strengthened the hypothesis of Von den 

 Steinen and Ehrenreich that the west and the central Tupi wandered 

 to the westward and to the Amazon again as far as the Tapajos and 

 Shingu. Also on the Tocantins, on whose lower waters Tupi tribes 

 have settled, are found arrow forms like to those of the Mauhe. 



7. The great group of Peru cemented feathering includes two divi- 

 sions : 



a. The northern, belonging to the Amazon region, which falls into 

 subdivisions according to the presence or form of the nock. 



1). The southern, which embraces the anomalous Chaco feathering. 

 (PL LVIII, fig. 15.) 



The two feathers of the cemented feathering are separated from the 

 midrib with only a thin portion of the quill remaining, bound fast to 

 the shaftment in close spiral with thread or yarn, and to increase the 

 hold on the shaft along the feather, the shaftment is covered with black 

 or brown pitch. 



Examining the chart of the geographic distribution of bow and 

 arrow types, it appears that — 



The division into ethnographic provinces by reason of the domination 

 of certain forms, on the whole, has nothing to do with the tribal char- 

 acteristics. As among the Bororo, starting out from an originally 

 identical type, two entirely separate types succeed through different 

 associations with other stocks ; 



The classification, furthermore, has not led to the same result for 

 bows and for arrows; 



Frequently from a bow an arrow is shot which has quite a different 

 distribution from that of the bow : 



