566 BOWS AND ARROWS IN CENTRAL BRAZIL. 



has already been made. (PI. LVIII, tigs. 13 and 14.) With the Arara 

 feathering, as well as with the cement feathering, the pretty and well- 

 known stepped wrapping is chiefly associated, which statement applies 

 to the feathering as well as to the uniting of the shaft to the foreshaft. 



The Mauhe feathering, which is perhaps a Tupi feathering modified 

 through the Guiana tyx^e, comes into consideration here only so far as 

 Mauhe arrows have been found among the Apiaka and the Mundrucu. 



In contradistinction to the Shingu region we here find the Cainbay- 

 uva reed distributed throughout the upper basin of the Tapajoz and 

 the Uba reed throughout the lower. 



In comparing collections at my command from the Madeira and the 

 Tapajoz tribes, it became unexpectedly possible to recognize the present 

 position of .the unique metamorphosis of the type caused through for- 

 eign influence. In the batterer collection of 1827 it may be observed 

 that on the Tapajoz the cement feathering appears among the Apiaka, 

 Mundrucu, Baccairi, and Pareci. It is now assumed that on account 

 of the similarity of form among the Parentiutim and the Apiaka the 

 type of cement feathering, together with the well-known bamboo and 

 bone points from the Parentintim, came last to the Apaika, and from 

 these went downstream to the Mundrucu and upstream to the Pareci 

 and Baccairi. Upon the relationship of these tribes to one another 

 little is known; only, Martius has said concerning the warlike Mun- 

 drucu and Apiaka, that enmity and friendship alternate. (Beitriige 

 zur Ethnographie Sudamerikas, pp. 211, 391.) It is easy to conceive 

 that the Apiaka came upon their long canoes into contact with the 

 Pareci and the neighboring Baccairi dwelling at that time still further 

 northward. (Ibid., 206.) In 1828 the gold prospector Lopez must 

 have camped with some Baccairi under escort of Apiaka Indians on 

 the Peixes Biver, an adjoining stream to the Arinos. At any rate the 

 occurrence of the sewed feathering among the Apiaka hints at com- 

 munication with the Baccairi. (Yon den Stein en, op. cit., p. 388.) 



In the arrows of the Apiaka at that time, eastern influences had been 

 amalgamated with western, and sewed feathering and Baccairi points 

 had been united with cement feathering and Madeira-Tapajoz points by 

 commerce. The little barb bound diagonally on the side of the point, 

 peculiar to the Baccairi, is here abundantly represented by a small 

 palm-wood spine (cf. PI. LVII, fig. 14), the long palm-wood point at 

 times greatly thickens in the middle, as is customary on the ITcayale. 

 Further, there is to be found among the Apiaka an arrow with Mauhe 

 feathering and Tapajoz bone point, but with a Oambayuva shaft, 

 impracticable for this kind of feathering. 



Upon the Pareci arrows with cement feathering is seen, along with 

 the bamboo point, also received from the Apiaka, a long wooden point 

 with two sharp teeth or barbs set opposite, projecting at different dis- 

 tances outward, and striped throughout its entire length with clear 

 brownish-gray poison. The occurrence of a poisoned arrow on the 



