568 BOWS AND ARROWS IN CENTRAL BRAZIL. 



Since the arrows in the British Museum represent exactly the type 

 of batterer's Arara, and particularly his Tora arrow, they may, pro- 

 vided the label Apiaka is to be retained, have come over directly from 

 the Arara to the Apiaka A characteristic of the Arara arrows is, 

 besides the feathering, the frequent occurrence of beautifully toothed 

 bamboo points (PI. LYIII, fig. 17), which are also to be found among the 

 Juberi on the Rio Purus, and in somewhat modified forms among the 

 Cashivo on the river Ucayale. A more striking peculiarity is the deco 

 ration of the shaft by means of ornamental wrapping, carefully laid in 

 strips of white and black quill. Among the Arara the setting of a 

 Tucum nut (cf. PI. LYII, fig. 10) on the shaft is practiced, and perhaps 

 came to them from the Tapajoz, where the Suya got the idea from the 

 eastward. The Tora arrows, resembling in essential particulars those 

 of the Arara, have, however, adjoining the quill work a painted orna- 

 ment (PI. LVIII, fig. 18) on the wrapped tang of the bamboo point, which 

 also the arrows of the Parentintirn show abundantly. 



While these arrows exhibit, indeed, the pure Arara type and on that 

 account do not leave the indication of locality free from objection, the 

 unmarked arrows of the Stockholm Museum with greater certainty 

 may be ascribed to the Apiaka. They show partly a union of cement 

 feathering with the most general fashion of the Arara arrow; are, in 

 fact Arar.i arrows passed over to the Apiaka type. One arrow dis- 

 plays the variety of sewed feathering discovered by Natterer. 



If we now study the boys' arrows in the Von den Steinen collection 

 of 18S8 (op. cit., p. 433), belonging to the Pared tribe who, according 

 to that author, have exchanged bows and arrows for muskets and given 

 the former to boys for playthings, we shall see also the variegated sewed 

 feathering. 



It appears also that this, which, indeed, long before the beginning of 

 the century, had gone westward as far as the Arara tribe in a some- 

 what simplified form first, in much later times had found its way among 

 the northern tribes of the Tapajoz. 



We may now bring together briefly the results of studies upon the 

 Madeira-Tapajoz region. The bow and the arrow types of the Tapajoz 

 tribes show preponderating westerly influences, which these received 

 from the Parentintirn and the Arara by way of the Madeira. The first 

 demonstrable intrusion, the migration of the cement feathering, came 

 upon the Apiaka from the Parentintirn. Thence it found wider distri- 

 bution in the Tapajoz region. Perhaps at the same time the sewed 

 feathering of the Baccairi, somewhat varied among the Apiaka, extended 

 to the Arara, and a third stream moved along from the Arara to the 

 Cabischi and the Pareci. Later came also the Apiaka into direct con- 

 tact with the Arara and received their type unmodified. The sewed 

 feathering meanwhile intruded southward and was received by the 

 Pareci. The working in of the Mauhe type is only of a secondary 

 importance. 



From other tribes of the Tapajoz region, which are known only by 



