BOWS AND ARROWS IN CENTRAL BRAZIL. 569 



name, we possess no collections. Of the Cayabi, near neighbors of the 

 Baccairion the Rio A^erde, Von den Steinen says "that they use arrow 

 shafts of Carabayuva reed." (Op. cit., p. 392.) 



The distribution of the bow types is very simple in the Tapajoz 

 region and shall be touched on only briefly. 



The Museums possess bows of the Mauhe, Mundruku, Apiaka and 

 Pareci, and some with the general label Tapajoz. 



Martius describes (op. cit., p. 203, 401) two different bow types among 

 the central Tupi, to which stock belong for the most part the tribes on 

 the Tapajoz. " They shoot long arrows from immense bows, often longer 

 than a man, made from the black wood of a palm tree or the red wood 

 of a mimosa, whose strings are twisted out of Tucum fiber or cotton." 

 The bows from black palm wood belong to the Peru group, and are 

 represented on the Tapajoz by Apiaka and Pareci examples. (Of. 

 PI. LVIII, fig. 1.) The bows made of red leguminous wood, pao dArco 

 of the Portuguese, with semicircular cross section are of the northern 

 Brazilian type and here occur among the Mundrucu and the Mauhe. 

 They are, for the most part, manufactured by the Mauhe and brought 

 to the friendly Mundrucu through trade. (PL LVIII, fig. 10.) 



Martius met on the Tapajoz a chief of the Mauhe who brought out a 

 bow of red wood to the Mundrucu and exchanged it for feather orna- 

 ments. (Martius, op. cit., p. 88.) 



A bow 180 cm. long (PL LVIII, figs. 6-9) of dark-brown wood in the 

 Copenhagen Museum with ornamented ends which exhibits an artisti- 

 cally carved human head having eyes inlaid with mother-of-pearl over 

 which a line runs on both sides in a meandering pattern is most inter- 

 esting. In cross section it belongs to the North Brazilian bow region. 

 The peculiar ornament is found, moreover, on a war trumpet in the 

 Copenhagen Mjiseum which was found among the effects of the Prince 

 of Nassau in the middle of the 17th century and of which Ehrenreich 

 has given a short account in Globus. Furthermore, this same orna- 

 ment is to be seen on two remarkable little boards in the Christiania 

 Museum as well as on a club in the Martius collection in Munich, illus- 

 trated in Ratzel's "Volkerkunde" (11, p. 575). But in Vienna the label 

 "Mundrucu" is upon a war trumpet which had been overlooked having 

 the same ornament. The decorated end is bored through for the fasten- 

 ing of the cord, a fashion entirely out of vogue now in South America. 

 The cord is a thick twisted gut string. In the middle or grip the bow 

 is whittled on the inner side for better handling. 



From the Pareci two bows are in hand, one from the Natterer collec- 

 tion, the customary Pern bow made from black palm wood, the other, a 

 boy's bow, also made of black palm wood, brought by Von den Steinen 

 having the North Brazilian form. Here occurs a rare instance in which 

 a tribe adopts a foreign form without using for it the customary material. 

 The form of the North Brazilian bow has either gone to the Tapajoz 

 outwards through the Mauhe to the Pareci or been received from the 

 Tora, from whom, as was seen, the painted ornament arrived on the 



