572 BOWS AND ARROWS IN CENTRAL BRAZIL. 



leaves, held on by means of black cotton thread bound closely down. 

 At tlie end of this bowstring, wound backward and colored with white 

 clay, is a large yellowish-red bunch of feathers, bound on as ornament. 

 Moreover, about both ends is wrapped a stepped pattern about 5 cm. 

 broad. The decorations are frequently wanting. 



The arrows are quite as carefully made as the bows. The shaft is of 

 Canibayuva reed, and the fore shaft, of different kinds of wood, is fre- 

 quently, as among the Yuruna, adorned with yellowish-bro^n or red 

 lines and points in lac-like paint. Among the very diversely shaped 

 points occur only two already known, the smooth wooden point and 

 the short bone point (PI. LIX, fig. 6) set in slantingly in the wooden 

 fore shaft, which is common among the Yuruna and upon the Shingu. 

 Frequently this bone piece is replaced by a fish spine. (PI. LIX, fig. 

 13.) A peculiar point, which is made of a delicate cylindrical bone cut 

 off obliquely at the outer end, is cemented upon the point of the fore 

 shaft, reminding one also of a similar form on the Shingu, only there the 

 barbs are wanting. Moreover, there are two noteworthy points of palm 

 wood to be mentioned as peculiar to the Caraja. One of them, lanceo- 

 late, two edged, with an angle on one broad side and the other rounded. 

 The second point is knife-blade shaped, with a somewhat serrate edge 

 at the inner extremity of the edge. (PI. LIX, figs. 11, 12.) Both call 

 to mind similar southern forms among the Cengua tribe in Paraguay. 

 A lighter arrow for small game is made wholly from a piece of Cam 

 baynva reed whittled to a point. (PI. LIX, fig. 15.) The arrows with 

 bamboo points (PI. LIX, fig. 14) deviate greatly from the types up to 

 this time described. The delicate long point. 30 to 40 cm., is hollowed 

 out on the inner side only or very little and runs somewhat to a beak- 

 formed point in front and is rounded abruptly at the inner end. The 

 fore shaft, shoved into an excavated socket in the shaft, is tightly 

 wrapped the whole length of its union with Cipo bast. A bird arrow 

 exhibits a short wooden knob, thickened conically toward the front and 

 terminating in a blunt point. (PI. LIX, fig. 10.) The feathering is 

 arranged upon the same principle as that of the Yuruna, but differs from 

 it in more careful work and in the single points characteristic of the 

 Caraja. The fastening of the feather, moreover, is wrought with black 

 thread (PI. LIX, fig. 8), or less frequently with winding of Cipo (PI. 

 LIX, fig. 9), in which often also little tufts of red feathers are caught; 

 also the lower long binding, which here for the most part is effected by 

 windings of thread, and stepped patterns includes often red feathers as 

 decoration. Almost always here also the shaftment is painted with red 

 and yellow varnish in lines, whereby an individual taste is to be recog- 

 nized in decoration still remaining on several examples. 



As already mentioned, the Chavantes and Crahaos, living eastward 

 on tin; Araguay and Tocantins, are with little deviation to be reckoned 

 in the company of Caraja ; only less care is bestowed in the manufac- 

 ture of their weapons, and so the decoration is frequently omitted. 



