578 BOWS AND ARROWS IN CENTRAL ISRAZIL. 



change. As a single survival of the time before the separation of the 

 Bororo, there is to be seen among the Bororo of the Canipanha the 

 jaguar (PI. LX, fig. 8) arrow point, with foreshaft of Seriba palm wood. 

 The feathering of this arrow is here entirely different. (PI. LX, fig. 

 17.) The feathers are, in spite of the constant disasters of tins tribe, 

 set on the shaft with very much more elegance and care. When the 

 Baccairi of the Tapajoz region are contrasted with one another, this 

 technique would seem to have come only from the Baccairi on the 

 Paranatinga, earlier united with the Bororo, while the wide separation 

 of the Bororo from the Baccairi of the Shingu does not allow contact 

 with them to be thought of. Moreover, the highly developed technique 

 hints that the reception of the sewed feathering must have occurred 

 already in much earlier time — indeed, shortly after their wandering 

 into this region. Eventually this form, indeed, had already become 

 known to the Bororo before the split and was lost by the eastern 

 Bororo. The Pareci, the northwestern neighbors of the western Bororo, 

 can not be regarded as intermediaries, because they, in more recent 

 times, as was seen, first received the sewed feathering from the north. 

 As for the origin of the Bororo, sewed feathering on the Shingu calls to 

 mind that also on that river the bone point from the humerus of the 

 monkey (PI. LVII, fig. 8), as well as the wooden point of the Baccairi and 

 the Xahuqua with side barbs of palm splint wrapped on, were known 

 to the Bororo (PL LVII, fig. 14). In opposition to this approach to the 

 Shingu type is the setting aside of the old Bororo bow and the 

 adoption of the Gruato bow (PI. LX, fig. 10), only a little modified. An 

 unpracticed eye would with difficulty discriminate the bows of these 

 two tribes. These bows belong to the eastern Brazilian type, and, 

 indeed, also here is to be found the bow with bast wrapping diffused 

 in the western part of this region. The more or less round, slightly 

 bent bow stave, made from the brown wood of the Carauda palm, is 

 throughout its entire length closely wrapped in imbrications, with 

 about 2 cm. broad strips of Oipo negro or Liana bast, only the ends 

 are free and bluntly pointed. A strong palm fiber bowstring is carried 

 back on this wrapping for a quarter of the length of the bow, as in 

 those on the Shingu and the Oajara. 



The second collection of the western Bororo, by Bhode, in 1884, 

 brings to us another stadium of development. In the sixty years that 

 passed after Xatterer's journey, the disadvantageous influences of 

 culture likewise worked to the detriment of the Bororo of Campanha 

 and of Cabacal, and from Von den Steinen's account (op. cit., p. 412) 

 they to-day form only a poor, starving society. This is more wonder- 

 ful, because after the year 1827 a certain constancy in the making of 

 their weapons is shown. The sewed feathering, no less than the bone 

 points, has become entirely domesticated. A similar bamboo point 

 (PI. LX, fig. 10) to that found among the Baccairi and Yuruna occurs 

 also here and is associated with the sewed feathering. It appears also 



