BOWS AND ARROWS IN CENTRAL BRAZIL. 581 



Guana proper, the Laianos and Terenos are described as riding people 

 (Castelnau, op. cit., II, p. 469), who carry the customary weapon of the 

 Ohaco Indians, lances with iron points, clubs, bows with small arrows, 

 and wearing the bodoque or labret received from the Guarani of Para- 

 guay. To this assertion correspond some bows and arrows of the 

 Terenos in the Berlin Museum, which completely correspond to the 

 Ohaco type. Although the three mentioned tribes are not to be 

 regarded linguistically as Nu-Aruak the different modes of living and 

 different character of weapons show an already very early separation. 



The Terenos and tbe Laianos quite early, perhaps shortly after the 

 Ohaco people had begun to ride the horses introduced by the Spaniards, 

 were driven from the common possession on the upper Arinos toward 

 the northern Ohaco. which had been seized, where they, as well as the 

 Guana, were called a horseless nation by Dobrizhoft'er. The Guaycuru, 

 Mbaya, their neighbors, gained through the ownership of horses a great 

 advantage over them and brought them under their sway. (Dobriz- 

 hoffer, Geschichte der Abipones, I, p. 101.) As will be frequently seen 

 in a subdued people, the Guana accepted entirely the mode of life of 

 their conquerors, and also their weapons, which they later continued 

 using after they had again gained their freedom. Perhaps, at first, long 

 after the wandering about had been taking place with these Guana, 

 the remaining Guana also drew off to the southward. A village of the 

 Guana near Cuyaba, 1848, was still called in that language Akten. 

 (Von den Steinen, op. cit., p. 550.) They settled in the vicinity of the 

 Guato on the Paraguay, whereby an ethnographic commerce was 

 effected. 



Southward of the Guana the tribes living on the banks of the Para- 

 guay are gennineGran Ohaco stock, whose history so far as known has 

 been closely knit with that of this region. It might be here remarked 

 that the form of arrow known from tbe descriptions of the Bororo, 

 Guato, and Guana, finds many transitions to the type common in Para- 

 guay, while the transition to the Ohaco form takes place first indirectly 

 through the Paraguay type. Furthermore, in the same way, these tribes 

 are related to one another through their bow types. 



The bow wrapped throughout with Oipo (PI. LX, fig. 10) is to be 

 seen in several differentiated forms as far as southeastern Brazil. The 

 distribution of the nock pegs (PI. LX, fig. 14) is evidenced by single 

 unlabeled old arrows of pure Ohaco type which are in the museum at 

 Edinburgh. Whether these received the pegs in contact with the 

 Gr. ito type, or whether the origin of this technique is to be sought in 

 some portions of the Ohaco region, from which it was communicated 

 to the Guato, is not disclosed. The practical value of this applied nock 

 is easily seen. A technique of this kind can, therefore, since it does 

 not differ outwardly from the character of the type, easily have been 

 borrowed from a tribe extremely conservative in the giving out of their 

 weapons, as we are able to demonstrate among the Ohaco people, whose 



