582 BOWS AND ARROWS IN CENTRAL BRAZIL. 



smaller bow of Curepay wood has been found in prehistoric graves m 

 Jujuy, in the western Chaco region. 



We may now bring together the results reached for the southern 

 Mato Grosso. It is known that, with exception of small movements 

 in opposite direction between neighboring peoples, an ethnographic 

 stream, rich in its influences, has flowed from the south, passing out 

 from Paraguay and reaching to the Bororo. As well the Paraguay 

 feathering, as the winding of the bow with Oipo may be traced as far as 

 the Bororo. Afterwards this stream is met by one opposing it from the 

 north. It is indeed astonishing, but its influence does not pass the 

 Guato. The sewed feathering is confined to the Bororo; only the bone 

 point is now to be found among the Guato. The spread of the Uba 

 reed, as mentioned, founded on its abundant supply, can not testify 

 directly of an ethnographic relationship. 



The ethnographic picture of the whole Mato-Grosso appears, in 

 spite of its original complexity, to be strikingly unified on closer 

 inspection. 



We see in the northern region two great ethnographic streams, one 

 from the west and one from the east, running toward and in the 

 Shingu encountering each other, so as to result in a mixed type. 

 Between them is thrust in a third type, which perhaps, on Ihe upper 

 Shingu, at least so far as the feathering goes, has its center of disper- 

 sion toward the Tapajoz and Tocantins. A small by-stream is to be 

 traced from the northwest to the Arara, the Juberi tribes, for example, 

 and to the southeast on the Tapajoz from the Mauhe. In the southern 

 Mato-Grosso runs a main stream along the Paraguay. A second one is 

 directed southward from the Shingu region. Further influence of 

 groups lying farther off is not to be recognized in the Mato Grosso. 



The ethnographic character of a people is generally not conterminous 

 with its linguistic affiliations, but depends also on a place which a 

 people occupies with reference to its neighbors, and on possibilities of 

 an ethnographic adjustment conditioned thereby. Original peculiari- 

 ties of groups of tribes, like the Tupi, are to be occasionally found, but 

 these have through many adjustments with others, not belonging to the 

 stock, lost characteristics or have been changed therein. Whether the 

 widely diffused stepped decoration (PI. LVII, fig. 5), found all over 

 northern South America, as well as the quill ring (PL LVIII, fig. 17), 

 are to be regarded as tribal characteristics is to be decided by further 

 and more careful observations. 



The question how far the conclusions reached concerning the develop- 

 ment of the Mato Grosso furnish generalized results for other regions, 

 and how far other momenta for the completion of the ethnographic 

 picture are to be considered, will be attempted in a later work. 



