EXHIBIT AT THE COTTON STATES EXPOSITION. 633 



tribe forms the leading branch of the Piman stock; while the Seri 

 Indians are the sole representatives of their family. It has been 

 thought better to make moderately full exhibits of a limited number of 

 tribes than to illustrate a large number of tribes incompletely. The 

 Cherokee tribe was selected for representation because of its local 

 interest; the others because they were little known and the collections 

 are quite knew. 



The Cherokee Indians were the aboriginal owners of the pine-clad 

 hills and fertile valleys of what is now northern Georgia, the western 

 Carolinas, eastern Tennessee, and a part of Virginia. They were the 

 first occupants of the site of Atlanta. They lingered loug in their old 

 hunting grounds, and while most of the tribes have disappeared from 

 the woodlands and mountains, a few remain in the Eastern Cherokee 

 reservation in Swnin County, N. C, within 150 miles of Atlanta. The 

 collections illustrating the Cherokee Indians comprises pottery and 

 basketry, largely of primitive types — the aboriginal bow and arrow, 

 with the singular blow gun, which attracted much interest among the 

 earliest white explorers; the eagle-feathered masks and tortoise-shell 

 rattles, and other paraphernalia of the primitive ceremonials; stone 

 implements and pipes, pottery-making tools and domestic utensils, 

 articles of costume and personal adornment, fishing spears, etc. The 

 collection Avas made within a few years by an expert familiar with 

 Indians' customs, who was enabled to obtain the most ancient and 

 sacred, as well as the modern, possessions of the Indians. While many 

 of the articles are accultural (or affected by the influence of the higher 

 race), many illustrate fairly the aboriginal ideas of the Indians of south- 

 eastern United States. The collection fills one wall case, with the 

 larger articles arranged above it. 



The Papago Indians are a tribe of the desert. They occupy the hot 

 and dry Papagueria (the most arid region of equal extent in North 

 America), lying south of the Gila Eiver and west of the Sierra Madre 

 Mountains in Arizona and Sonora (Mexico). Their mode of life is the 

 blending of the nomadic and agricultural. They establish settlements 

 by springs and water holes, and, while the ground is moist from one of 

 the rare storms, they plant maize, melons, and beans, which quickly 

 mature; and when the spring fails, or the water hole dries up, the 

 rancheria is abandoned, and the j>eople scatter in search of other 

 sources of water. In autumn they collect the fruits of different species 

 of cactus, mesquite beans, etc., and in winter they migrate to the 

 mountains of Mexico, where they live by hunting. Although discov- 

 ered and highly esteemed by the early Spanish explorers and mission- 

 aries, the Papago Indians are little known outside of their own territory. 

 The collection exhibited is the first one of note, both as to articles 

 and photographs, ever brought to eastern United States. It embraces 

 pottery and water-tight basketry, in the making of which these Indians 

 excel ; the crude plow, akin to that of ancient Egypt, and the still more 

 primitive spade or digging stick; games of divination and diversion; 

 musical instruments; bows and arrows, which are still in limited use, 

 with some of the stone implements used by ancestral tribes in the 

 same region; rope-making material and apparatus; domestic utensils, 

 costumes, and the like. The collection is arranged in three wall cases, 

 one of which is allotted to the peculiar articles made chiefly of the 

 agave. These include the mat used for bedding, basketry, the cradle, 

 etc. In addition there is a large floor case showing life-size models of 

 Papago women engaged in pottery making, with examples of the pot- 

 tery made by the tribe; and the peculiar carrying basket and costumes 



