122 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1890. 



anthropologist the whole Exposition seemed to have been arranged for 

 his special pleasure and profit. 



There is no doubt that the institutions of Paris above described, and 

 the men most concerned in them, had a commanding influence in shap- 

 ing and arranging much of the great Exposition. Owing to this living 

 connection between men and things, the glory of the French Exposition, 

 which elevated it above its predecessors, consisted largely in its Con- 

 gresses, one hundred and twenty of which were held between May and 

 October. Every one of them was, to the writer's mind, intensely anthro • 

 pological, relating to the history and the natural history of invention. 

 But, omitting all of those that were especially practical, there was a 

 series which covered the whole ground of the science of man, his embry- 

 ology, anatomy, anthropometry, physiology, psycho-physics, psychol- 

 ogy, language, race, primitive art, institutions, customs, laws, philos- 

 ophy, conduct, religion, and distribution in time and place, as the fol- 

 lowing titles will show : 



June 24-29. — Protection of Works of Art and of Monuments. 

 August 4-11. — Hygiene and Demography. 

 August 5-11. — Physiological Psychology. 



August 8-15. — French Association for the Advancement of Science. 

 August 10-17. — Criminal Anthropology. 



August 19-26. — Anthropology and Prehistoric Archaeology, Ethnography, Popular 

 Traditions. 



At least one year before the 1st of September, 1889, the executive com- 

 mittee of the Congres International d' Anthropologic et dArcheologie 

 Prehistorique sent circulars to anthropologists inviting them to attend 

 the session in Paris and begging their cooperation. In the spring of 

 1889 the committee of the Exposition on Congresses assigned the days 

 and places of meeting for each, chiefly in the rooms of the university and 

 colleges in the Latin quarter, because the regular lectures would be in- 

 termitting during the vacation. 



The committee of the Congress of Anthropology was then able to 

 send out a definite programme. The plan of procedure, after the usual 

 routine of organization, was to hold sessions in the University, and then 

 adjourn each day to one of the celebrated collections of the city or to 

 one of the anthropological sections of the great Exposition under the 

 guidance of some one perfectly familiar with the material. 



The questions discussed in the Congress were the following: 



(1) Erosion and filling of valleys and filling of caverns, both in their 

 relation to the antiquity of man. 



(2) Periodicity of .glacial phenomena. 



(3) Arts and industries in the caverns and in the alluvium. Value 

 of paleontological and archaeological classifications applied to the qua- 

 ternary epoch. 



(4) Chronological relations between the ages of stone, bronze, and 

 iron. 



