THE METHODS OF FIRE-MAKING. 397 



spindle by a cord with bandies alternately pulled (Fig. 52). Two men 

 are required to work this drill. 



Fi£. 52. 

 Using the Eskimo Cokd Dkill. 



(Cat. No. 3G32. r ), U. S. N*. M. Chalimute, Alaska. Collected liy E. VV. Nelson.) 



An improvement on the four-part apparatus, just described, render- 

 ing it easy for one man to make a fire unaided, belongs exclusively to 

 the Eskimo. The upper bearing, held in the 

 hand in the case of the cord drill, is shaped 

 for holding between the teeth (Fig. 53). The 

 cord is strung on a bow, so that in working 

 this apparatus one hand of the operator is 

 free to apply the tinder or hold the lower piece. 



While the cord drill is a vertical adapta- 

 tion of the Egyptian breast drill, for the 

 purpose of fire-making, the mouth piece is 

 used exclusively by the Eskimo. The four- 

 part fire drill was rarely found among the 

 North American tribes. The Dyaks of Bor- 

 neo also have the four-part drill. 



(c) Pump or weighted drill. — The problem of a one-handed drill has 

 also been worked out in the invention of the pump-drill (Fig. 54). 

 This tool has a widespread use for piercing substances necessitating 

 light, even pressure, such as perforating wood, horn, shell, turquoise, 

 etc. The Klamath, Pueblo, and other Indian tribes manufacture shell- 

 beads with the pump-drill at present, and it is probable that its 

 use was prevalent in North America in former times. Its connection 

 with the weaver's spindle is marked. In only two localities in the 

 world, as far as is known, has it been adapted to fire-making, viz, 

 among the Chukchis of Siberia, and the Iroquois Indians of New York 

 and Canada. 



I'ig. 5o\ 

 Using the Eskimo Mouth Dkill. 



(Cat. No. 1327, U. S. N. M. Anderson River. 

 British Columbia. Collected by C. P. Gaudet. ) 



