THE AINOS OF YEZO, JAPAN. 



445 



sufficiently for cutting. The cork here acted as a backing to the imbedding mass 

 while the hairs were held in place for mounting. In clamping in the microtome, 

 care was taken to clamp far enough below the cutting plane to avoid pressure on the 

 hair at the cutting point. In this manner I believe a true cross-section was obtained, 

 as shown in my photographs of the sections. 



A diiferent mode of treatment seemed to be necessary to obtain the true relation of 

 the plane of curvature to the form of the cross-section. If sections of the hair were 

 made by the above method, the relation of the curve to the sbape of the section 

 would only be obtained at the point of cutting. This would be sufficient if the rela- 

 tion were constant, but if the relation varied in the same hair, it would not be 

 shown by such a method. I therefore resorted to the examination of a single hair in 

 which the natural curve had evidently been preserved. The hair was cut with sharp 

 scissors as nearly at right angles to the axis as possible. The hair being placed in 

 the stage-forceps, the surface of the cut was brought into focus and measured with 

 an eye piece micrometer. It was cut again, both across the long axis and then 

 across the short axis. Under this treatment the oval sections did not vary sensibly 

 in character, and the leugths of the axes were not affected to any extent by the 

 direction of the cuts. This was done to a number of hairs until I was convinced that 

 the direction of the cut would not perceptibly alter the shape of the section or the 

 direction of the long axis. After this all hairs were cut in one directiou, and I think 

 the tables given prove that the mode of cutting gave true results. 



It will be seen by the tables that the plane of curvature, in its relation to the longest 

 diameter of the section, as well as the shape of the cross -section itself, varies, in many 

 instances in the same hair, both with man and woman. My observations in this 

 direction were limited to three of the samples of hair sent, because they were the 

 only ones that had been cut off sharp in a lock. The other samples were not in a 

 condition to show the natural curvature. These- latter samples I carefully cut with 

 the scissors in three places, viz, at the butt, middle, and end. These faces were care- 

 fully measured with the results given in the tables. The scissors seemed to crack 

 the hairs across, leaving a clean surface capable of being accurately measured. 



ALNO HAIR. 



Specimen No. 1. 

 [Measurements in millimetres made from nections.] 



No. of 

 Lair. 



Length of 

 long axis. 



Length of 

 short axis. 



Figure of the cross- 

 section. 



1 



.113 



.0756 



Oval. 



2 



.1235 



.103 



Do. 



3 



.1063 



.069 



Do. 



4 



.1063 



.0706 



Do. 



5 



.0862 



.0617 



Round (irregular). 



6 



.0894 



. 0411 



Oval. 



7 



.079 



.0706 



Round (approximately). 



8 



.0962 



.079 



Oval. 



9 



.1046 



.0723 



Oval (approximately). 



10 



.1063 



.0617 



Oval. 



11 



.0994 



.079 



Do. 



12 



.103 



.0862 



Do. 



13 



.0723 



.0659 



Round (approximately). 



14 



.0756 



.069 



Do. 



15 



.0517 



.0477 



Do. 



16 



.079 



.0583 



Oval. 



Average of long ax 

 Average of abort a 

 Or nearly related a 



68 



i 1 to 1§. 



09698 



07431 



