THE AINOS OF YEZO, JAPAN. 497 



Fish skins. — Two pieces, used for making shoes. Aiuos of Yezo, 1888. 150725 



Wooden rpoons. — Shaped like spatulas, carved on the upper surface. Like 150723, 



but smaller. Used by woraeu. Length, 6 inches. Ainos of Piratori, Yezo, 



1888. 150726 



Large wooden spatula. — Used as a spoon or ladle to dish out food. Length, 17 inches; 



width of blade, 3 inches. Ainos of Piratori, Yezo, 1888. 150727 



Wooden pipe. — A short pipe with stem carved. Length, 9 inches. Ainos of Yezo, 1888. 



(See Fig. 78.) 150728 



Knife and case. — The blade of Japanese manufacture. The carved case made by the 



Ainos. (See Fig. 70.) Ainos of Yezo, 1888. 150729 



Two knife cases. — Well carved in peculiar designs. Ainos of Yezo, 1888. (See Fig. 76. ) 



150731 

 Wooden mallet. — Formed of a branch and a portion of the main stem, which together 



make a naturally shaped hammer. Ainos of Yezo, 1888. J 50732 



Wooden pipes.— Usual form. Ainos of Yezo, 1888. (See Fig. 78) 150733, 150734 



Bead necklace. — Made of colored glass beads and five larger hollow metal beads in the 



middle. Made by Japanese. Ainos of Yezo, 1888. 150736 



Small loom. — Used for weaving the narrow belts of ohiyo bark. Aiuos of Yezo, 1888. 



150737 

 Bark for mats. — Elm bark, ohiyo, colored brown and black for weaving the square 



patterns of mats, bags, etc. Aiuos of Yezo, 1888. 150738 



Shikeribikina. — Leaves of a plant dried and preserved for food. Botanical name uu- 



kuowu. Used-iu stews. Aiuos of Yezo, 1888. 150739 



Salmon roe. — Dried fish roe, as preserved for winter food. Ainos of Yezo, 1888. 



150740 

 Dried cakes of lily root. — Two cakes about 9£ inches in diameter by J of an inch thick 



with a hole through the middle, tied together with strips of bark. The lily is 



probably the uba-yuri of the Japanese. Such cakes of various sizes are to be seen 



hanging in every house throughout Yezo, becoming thoroughly dried and seasoned 



by the smoke and hardened. (See also 150789.) Ainos of Yezo, 1888. 150741 



Cakes of lily root. — Similar to 150741, but smaller. Aiuos of Yezo, 1888. 150742 



String of lily root. — Dried bulbs of the lily on strings. A very common article of 



food to be seen suspended in the houses throughout Yezo. Ainos of Yezo, 1888. 



150744 

 Nuts. — The fruits of Trapa bicornis. Used for food. Ainos of Shari, Yezo, 1888. 



150743 

 String of fruits. — Not identified, bulbels of inflorescence from some monocotyledo- 



nous plant. Used for food. Ainos of Abashiri, Yezo, 1888. 150746 



Flour. — Prepared from some starch-bearing root. Ainos of Abashiri, Yezo, 1888. 



150745 

 Dried herrings. —The fish are roughly cleaned and suspeuded from the beams of the 



houses until dried and smoked. Used for winter food. Ainos of Shari, Yezo, 



1888. 150748 



Slices of pumpkin, dried. — Not a common food among the Ainos. The pumpkin is now 



cultivated in the valley of Saru. Ainos of Piratori, Yezo, 1888. 150749 



Pukusa. — A kind of food ; apparently the stalks of a plant, cut in small pieces, 



Aiuos of Piratori, Yezo, 1888. 150751 



Pukusakina. — The leaves and stems of a plant belonging to the Ranunculaceae. 



Used for food. Ainos of Piratori, Yezo, 1888. 150752 



Beans. — Not common in Yezo. Varieties grown in the Saru Valley. Ainos of Pira- 

 tori, Yezo, 1888. 150753 

 Strips of bark. — Used for making the colored parts of mats. Probably from the Tilia 



cordata. (See No. 150632.) Ainos of Yezo, 1888. 150754 



Stalks of the rush. — Stalks of Scirpus maritimm ; used for weaving mats. (See No, 



150632.) Aiuos of Yezo, 1888. 150756 



H. Mis. 129, pt. 2 32 



