ANTHROPOLOGY AT THE PARIS EXPOSITION IN 1889. 647 



I. Spirornetre to measure the capacity of respiration. 



II. Dynamometre for the Laud. 



III. Dynamouietre for the arm. 



IV. A series of colored wools to he used in testing the caudidates in 

 color-blindness. 



Y. A rule to determine the individual aptitude to measure and divide 

 distances, to divide angles. Another to test the aptitude or capacity 

 forjudging of weight. 



IX, X and XI. To test the capacity of the ear to detect differences 

 in sound. 



XII. An apparatus to measure an interval, and the difference in its 

 detection between the eyes and the ear. 



There was to be added to this list other instruments which were not 

 present because of their weight and their not being necessary. The 

 scales, the measure of height, the measure of the length of arm, the 

 compass, and the models for establishing the colors of the eyes and hair. 



With these instruments Mr. Galton established a laboratory of an- 

 thropometry at the health exposition of 1884 at Loudon, and he used a 

 formula of tables on which all these things were entered, and one copy 

 kept and another given to the subject. I have one which I received 

 from his laboratory on being measured myself, personally, at the Brit- 

 ish Association at Newcastle. 



The display of M. Mathieu, a mathematical instrument maker on the 

 Boulevard St. Germain, near to the lilcole de Medicine, are those made 

 after the system of Broca. The compass for measuring thicknesses 

 having small balls upon the end, and the graduating arm marking 

 millimetres; a sliding compass marked in the same way; divers gouio- 

 metres ; a craniostat, with its needles for measuring orbits ; the endo- 

 metre ; the crochet occipital, and all the tropometre, the apparatus for 

 taking the cubic contents of skulls. 



Let no one think that even with all this apparatus he can measure 

 skulls with accuracy or certainty until after he shall have had suffi- 

 cient practice and instruction. I served in the Laboratoire dAnthro- 

 pologie, at Paris, practising upon the same skull for two weeks, the 

 afternoon of each day, before I obtaiued sufficient degree of manipula- 

 tion to be able to measure the same skull two times alike. 



The apparatus iu use in the police department by Alphonse Bertillon 

 was also displayed by their maker, M. Colas. They consisted of (1) 

 scale for measuring the height, standing; (2) scale for measuring the 

 height, sitting; (3) scale for measuring the outstretched arm ; (4) the 

 compass of M. Bertillon, (5) the sliding compass to measure the elbow, 

 length of the foot, palm of the hand ; (6) small compass to measure the 

 fingers and the ears. 



The display of anthropometric instruments made by Dr. Topinard 

 was more interestiug as an illustrated history of the science than for 

 actual use. He exhibited various kiuds, the earliest ones that were 



