ANTHROPOLOGY AT THE PARTS EXPOSITION IN 1889. 651 



horse were wild. The ox tribe was represented by the auroch or bison of Europe, and 

 the urus. The domestic dog did not then exist. 



No traces of cereals have ever been met with, nor any grinding or pounding instru- 

 ments, like a mortar or grinding stoue, which justifies the belief that agriculture was in 

 progress. Nor was pottery yet in use. This civilization to which they have given the 

 name of the age of the reindeer was the artistic oue par excellence of all prehistoric 

 ages. There was an efflorescence of art without precedent. For the first time man drew, 

 engraved, and sculptured living things with which he was surrounded, and brought 

 them out with an assthetic taste truly astonishing. The hunters of the reindeer had 

 some regard for their dead. They did not yet construct a cemetery, nor did they yet 

 inter the bodies. But they often placed their dead in the grotto and cavern which 

 they occupied, in the ashes of their hearthstone, in the middle of all the de'bris of 

 their kitchens or industries, nor did they quit their habitations in this grotto for this 

 reason. The dead, in some cases at least, were the objects of particular care. After 

 the disappearance of the flesh the skeleton was covered with red powder, and we find 

 it mauy times ornamented in what would correspond to different parts of the costume, 

 with marine shells, amulets, the teeth of animals. 



The majority of the men of this period beloug to the race which have been called 

 Cro-Magnon. There was another with savage aspect, called race of Canstadtor Spy, 

 the name of the localities where the industries have been the best characterized. The 

 stations in France in which these industries have been found number more than oue 

 hundred, and there are mauy others in neighboring countries which show the same 

 civilization and have evidently belonged to the same epoch. There is as yet no 

 natural phenomena which has been taken for a chrouometer, or which has beeu able 

 to furnish dates by which we can determine the antiquity of these two ages of stone. 



M. Georges Perrat, member of the Institute of Paris, says that hu- 

 manity has not even the faintest idea of these two ages. All our studies 

 have not even pierced the darkness. We are lost in the night of our 

 ignorance, and all our studies have not taken us over the threshold of 

 that night. 



I will not extend this further. I trust enough has been said to dem- 

 onstrate the extent and importance of the anthropologic display at 

 this exposition, and to show the importance with which the science is 

 regarded by the savants of France and its adjoining countries. Pro- 

 fessor Mason was quite right when he said, as he did in his paper read 

 before the Anthropolical Society ot Washington, and published in the 

 "Anthropologist,' 7 that the opportunities to study the natural history of 

 man in Paris during the exposition were unparalleled, and that at any 

 time the French capital affords rare advantages to the anthropologist. 



POLISHED STONE AND BRONZE. 



Collections of 

 MM. Emile Tate, Aisne. 

 Capitan. 



Leon Cahingt, Seine Inferior. 

 Judge Piette. 

 Clemment Rubbens. 

 Valentine Smith. 

 Cartailhac. 



Pitre de Lisle, Brittany. 

 Chauvet, Charente. 

 Dr. Berchon, Madoc. 



