ANTHROPOLOGY AT THE PARIS EXPOSITION IN 1889. 655 



around the head aud on the arms and limbs, are placed as they were found 

 by M. Cartailhac on the fossil man at Laugerie. The shells aud amulets 

 of ivory worn by the woman and the young' man are reproductions of 

 those of Cro-Magnon. Thus much is known or, at least, can be fairly 

 judged to be an actual representation of these people. The costumes of 

 skin worn by these people are purely imaginary, for nothing is known 

 concerning them. Therefore, it has been made up from the costumes 

 of various savage tribes. The bones of animals, etc., which lie in such 

 a mass on the ground around the mouth of the cavern are believed to be 

 a substantial representation of the ancient times, and give one an idea 

 of how these things accumulated. 



Group 3. — Neolithic period or age of polished stone ok Robenhausen epoch. 



The scene depicted in Plate clix represents three men erecting a 

 prehistoric funeral monument. One is making a hieroglyph, the sec- 

 ond polishing a hatcliet by rubbing it on one of the great polishing 

 stones, and the third is making a pottery vase. This epoch or period 

 is quite a different civilization from either of the former. It was char- 

 acterized by the polishing of stone for weapons, tools and implements, 

 by the development of the ceramic industry, by the invention of archi- 

 tecture, and by sculpture on the face of the rock. This scene is in- 

 tended to represent the principal of these discoveries. It does not, 

 and, indeed, could not represent tbe other manifestations of civiliza- 

 tion, such as agriculture, sociology, etc. These men are erecting a dol- 

 men. It is not of any particular oue, but represents the principal parts 

 of several. The stone with a hole through it, which separates the ves- 

 tibule from the funeral chambers, is copied from that of la Belle-Haie, 

 near Gisor. The first stone to the left exhibits a feminine figure, or 

 one which has been so considered, though I have had doubts about it. 

 Yet these and similar have been found, one each in Normandy, Marne, 

 and Le Gard. The polishing stone of the second workman is copied 

 from the collection of Dr. Capitan. The vase of the third is made by 

 hand, and one of the common dolmen type. 



The remarks heretofore made as to the faithful representation of these 

 personages taken so far as possible from originals, applies here. The 

 potter is a type of one of the races of Furfooz, Belgium, discovered 

 by M. Dupout, and is the oldest potter known. The costumes are re- 

 constituted from similar objects found in the lake dwellings of Roben- 

 hausen. This settlement is believed to have been destroyed by fire, and 

 the objects have been charred, and, falling into the lake, the fire was 

 extinguished and they thus preserved. The pieces have been found in 

 such numbers, and extend to such variety, as that the anthropologists 

 feel justified in believing that they have a substantially correct repre- 

 sentation. Much of the material is the hammered or bruised bark. 

 Other portions of the costume were of linen cloth, dyed sometimes brown 

 with ochre, sometimes blue with pastel. Tbe foot coverings are in- 



