ANTHROPOLOGY AT THE PARIS EXPOSITION IN 1889. 659 



them and the height : — showing the relation between man and the an- 

 thropoid apes in relation to flattening of the tibia, the development of 

 the different organs and functions in the two sexes. The remarkable 

 thing about this chart was that it demonstrated that the weight of the 

 brain is relatively greater in women than in men. 



Splanchnology was represented by the internal organs of man and 

 gorilla compared. 



Anthropogeny was illustrated by six charts taken from the atlas of 

 Monsieur Mathias Duval, representing his theory of the commencement 

 of life in man. These charts represented the ovum of many animals, 

 including man, in their various stages of impregnation, so that the 

 differences could be easily compared aud studied. He opposes fiercely 

 the doctrine of heredity laid down by Weisman, Turner, and their 

 school. 



Prehistoric anthropology had an extensive display made in great de- 

 tail, yet with the number of specimens reduced so as to employ as small 

 a space as possible. The classification was that of Monsieur D'Ault du 

 Mesuil, which was a variation of the classification of de Mortillet. It 

 began with the quaternary inferior corresponding to the Chelleen of 

 M. de Mortillet, the contemporaneous animals being the Elcphas an- 

 tiquus, Rhinoceros merlrii, Hippopotamus amphibius, and so went through 

 the various stages or epochs until it ended in the reindeer — this for the 

 paleolithic period. Samples and specimens were shown of the fauna, 

 and of the human industry in each. To describe it satisfactorily would 

 be to write an entire book upon the science. It was continued through 

 the various epochs and periods of the age of stone down to and includ- 

 ing that of the Neolithic or polished stone. The mineralogy of prehis- 

 toric anthropology also received attention, aud specimens of the vari- 

 ous kinds of stone or minerals employed were displayed. Processes of 

 the fabrication aud the working of minerals of stone were also shown. 



A small series of the implements characteristic of the age of bronze 

 were also exhibited. 



Prehistoric craniology received due attention and was represented 

 by the casts of the skulls of the various races which were divided, first, 

 into the great periods of paleolithic and neolithic, and these again di- 

 vided and subdivided according to the best information. 



Trepanation was not forgotten. Several specimens were shown, to- 

 gether with the means by which it might have been practiced. 



Prehistoric agriculture had a fine representation in its display of cul- 

 tivated fruits, cereals, and vegetables with the textile plant. 



Not the least interesting of the entire prehistoric display in the expo- 

 sition was that showing the proper methods for making excavations. 

 This was even more important because of its result. By means of these 

 investigations were determined the superposition of one civilization 

 upon another in the various caverns which had been occupied for a long 

 time as human habitations. Thus was determined the succession of 



