ANTHROPOLOGY AT THE PARIS EXPOSITION IN 1889. 665 



unable to make studies of them himself, or, may be, having com- 

 pleted them, sent them to Copenhagen. They were lost in transit and 

 did not arrive for some time after. Upon their arrival they were un- 

 recognized, and it was not until the last 3 or 4 years that these valu- 

 able relics were discovered by Mr. Hansen, brought to light, investi- 

 gated, compared, measured, and the result made known to the world. 

 He thinks from these investigations that there is evidence at least of 

 the possibility of man having existed in South America in the Tertiary 

 period, and in this, I believe M. de Quatrefages, the most conservative 

 of all European anthropologists, coincides, except as to the geology or 

 paleontology — whether the Tertiary epoch of America is not one period 

 behind that of Europe. This question has, I believe, received little 

 attention from the American paleontologists, except Professor Cope, 

 and he doubts the correctness of the conclusion. If he be correct, it 

 puts the appearance of man in South America at the greatest antiquity 

 probably of any other well-defined discovery of the kind. 



The age of bronze came to an end in Scandinavia about the com- 

 mencement of the Christian era, but the age of iron or its first use 

 began some centuries before that. These ages necessarily lap one over 

 the other. The prehistoric iron age in Scandinavia was divided into 

 three grand epochs before the commencement of the historic period 

 which was about the year 1000. These were the epochs of the bar- 

 barian. 



At the far end of the pavillion was exhibited a great runic stone, 

 which, as shown by its inscriptions in ancient runes, recouuts the 

 exploits of Harald Vlaatau, who lived from 935 to 980 A. D., and to his 

 illustrious parent, Gorm, the first historic king of Denmark and to his 

 queen, Thyra. 



Neither time nor space permits a description of the other two depart- 

 ments of the Danish display — the ethnography of Greenland and Mr. 

 Hansen's display of anthropology. 



Mr. Waldemar Schmidt had the immediate charge of this exposition, 

 and he, as many others, attended on each specified occasion to open 

 cases, display objects, explain them, and make the necessary speeches 

 and lectures for the education and edification of the public. These 

 gentlemen have recognized the great advantage to be derived from 

 anthropometry in their anthropologic studies both of prehistoric and 

 modern Greenland. Therefore they have organized their governmental 

 commissions for the purpose of carrying on these studies. More than 

 three thousand Greenlanders have been measured, weighed, and tested 

 with the exactness peculiar to the science of anthropometry. The walls 

 were covered with charts of anthropometric measurements, showing in 

 great detail the difference of height, average, and extremes, the color 

 of the hair and eyes, and the effect in these respects of the crossing of 

 the races of the Danes and Greenlanders and Eskimos. 



