ANTHROPOLOGY AT THE PARIS EXPOSITION IN 1889. 675 



one to read the other. The more ancient is the most difficult. The ear- 

 liest one dates from before the Christian era to about 400 A. D. ; the 

 second begins with the fifth century and continues to the beginning of 

 history, and corresponds to the Viking period. 



3. Indian alpfi abets. 



39. Sanscrit. Indian alphabet d'Acoka. Semitic origin which- gave birth to the 



De"vauagari, and to all the modern alphabets of India. Third century B. 

 C. Facsimile of inscription of Bhabra, after M. Senart, Asiatic Journal, 

 April-June, 1887. 



40. Alphabet Indo-Bactrien from the northwest of India, derived from the Aramean. 



Facsimile of an inscription dated the second year of Kanichka. First cen- 

 tury A. D. 



Himyarite alphabet. — Writing of the ancient people of South Arabia from third 

 century B. C. to third century A. D. 



41. A votive altar. Incense burner. 



42. Idem. 



43. Dedication of a statue of gold to the God Talab-Ryam by a family of Raidanites 



in recognition of the aid ho had given to them in a war between the tribes 

 of Saba and Raitan against their enemies the Himyarites. 



44. An inscription with bas-relief. The heads of the three personages are showy. 



Their names are given in the inscription. Translation: Tomb of Yahmad 

 Kachlankan, Harat, and Khalkarib. 



45. Votive inscription ; pedestal. Cabinet Corpus inscription Semiticarum. 



46. Berber writing. A funerary bilingual inscription; Latin, and Berber. Corp. 



Inscr. Sem. 

 47 and 48. Neopuuic inscription with bas-reliefs. Corp. Inscr. Sem. 



49. Bas-relief, fragment from Teima, Arabia. By Ch. Huber. Original. 



In order to complete the chart of the ancient writing Philip Berger 

 made an attempt at the reconstitution of a Phoenician pillar with its 

 ornaments and accessories. 



50. Reconstitution of the pillar of Byblos, Phoenicia. 



This pillar bears an inscription commemorative of the construction of a 

 portion of the temple of Byblos by the Yehaumelek. Above the inscription 

 is a bas-relief representing the scene of the dedication. The Goddess "Lady 

 of Byblos (Baalat Gebal)" is seated on a throne. She is represented after the 

 character or appearance of the Egyptian goddess Hathor. Her head-dress 

 is of two wings of the Guinea fowl which surmount two horns supporting a 

 disk. In her left hand is a scepter, while her right is raised in sign of bene- 

 diction. Opposite the king is Yehaumelek in Persian costume standing, and 

 in the posture of prayer, offers to the goddess the "cup of deliverance." 

 The inscription explains the scene. It enumerates the constructions made by 

 the king to the goddess, because every time that he had invoked her aid, she 

 had heard his prayers and had answered them for his good. The inscription 

 terminates with a prayer of the king in which he invokes the benediction of 

 the goddess on him and his reign. "For he is a just king." 



The restorations were, first, the disk of gold surrounded by serpents that 

 was inserted at the top of the bas-relief; second, the two horns supporting a 

 disk which surmounts the monument ; third, the traces of color on the baa- 

 relief; the vase of libations with its two elegant handles. 



