GRIMMIACEAE 35 



Todt Hill, Richmond Valley, S. Id., E. G. B., Bx!; Bronx 

 Park, E. G. B., Bx! 



F. Julianus (Savi.) Schimp. " Rocky streams, N. J.," Muse. 

 App. 108; spring between Demarest and Cresskill, N. J., Austin, 

 Bx!; Kingsbridge!! 



F. obtusifolius Wils. On rocks in rivulet, Overlook Park, 

 Princes Bay, S. Id.!! 



F. osmundioides (Sw.) Hedw. "On tussock, in springy 

 places in swamps. Common about Closter," Muse. App. 104; 

 Yonkers, E. C. Howe, Bx!; College Point, Brainerd! (H. S.) ; 

 and Jamaica!! L. Id. Summer. 



F. subbasilaris Hedw. "On roots of trees in woods, Closter," 

 Muse. App. 105. Winter. 



F. taxifolius (L.) Hedw. Common on shaded soil. Autumn 

 to winter. 



Family io. GRIMMIACEAE 



Plants growing upon rocks, rarely on soil (at least in our spe- 

 cies), blackish-green when dry, almost black below. The young 

 freshly moistened tips of the stems and branches are the only 

 portions that are chlorophyll green. The plants grow in thin 

 mats or more frequently in dense tufts or cushions. The stems 

 of fruiting plants commonly branch by innovations below the 

 apex. The leaves are often hyaline tipped, giving the plants a 

 hoary appearance, but the hyaline tip consists of the whole 

 apex of the leaf; usually lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, with 

 small thick-walled cells, often in several layers in the upper 

 portion of the leaf. In Rhacomitrium. the lower leaf-cells are 

 longer, being usually linear, with strongly sinuose walls. The 

 costa is present and is well developed in all the species except 

 Heduigia. The capsules are usually symmetric, ovoid to cylin- 

 dric, frequently immersed or emergent. The seta is short 

 even in species with exserted capsules, sometimes arcuate, 

 though rarely so in our species. Calyptra mitriform or cucul- 

 late, sometimes papillose, smooth or plicate. Peristome single, 



