FLNARIACEAE 57 



small, mitrate, usually covering less than x /2 the capsule. Cap- 

 sule on a long seta, in a few cases immersed, erect, symmetric, 

 with a distinct lid but no peristome; annulus present, often 

 persistent. 



P. turbinatum (Mx.) Brid. On bare soil and in fields. Very 

 common and freely fruiting. Early spring with the blue violets. 



P. immersum Sull. Banks of the Delaware, Camden, N. J., 

 Austin and James. See Muse. App. 179; see also Bull. Torr. 

 Bot. Club, 21: 190. This must occur nearer to N. Y. City. It 

 is the only species maturing its spores in the fall and is likely 

 to be mistaken for Aphanorrhegma. The latter splits exactly 

 along the middle line and has cell walls of capsule collenchy- 

 matous. 



FUN ARIA Schreb. (Plate V, Fig. 2.) 



Fanaria strongly resembles Physcomitrium in everything 

 except sporophyte characters. Calyptra inflated at base, finally 

 oblique with base cucullate. Capsule more or less gibbous, 

 narrowed to a rather short neck, wrinkled to strongly sulcate 

 when dry; mouth more or less one-sided. Peristome double in 

 our species; teeth 16, often twisted spirally and united at their 

 tips; segments 16; opposite the teeth, without basal mem- 

 brane or intermediate cilia. 



Leaves long acuminate, costa excurrent in some of the leaves of each 



plant iiavicans 



Leaves short acuminate, costa percurrent, sometimes very shortly ex- 

 current hygrometrica 



F. hygrometrica (L.) Sibth. Common on soil recently dis- 

 turbed or burnt over, also on basement walls of houses and 

 mortared walls. Spring. 



F. flavicans Mx. Flatbush, Brainerd (24561); Yard, 360 

 Lenox Rd. Brooklyn!!; Orient, L. Id., Latham; Closter, N. J., 

 Austin; Lakehurst,' N. J.!!; Bedford Park, R. S. Williams!! 



Subfamily Ephemereae 



Exceedingly minute plants, about 1 mm. to 2 mm. high, 

 stemless, usually with persistent protonema, usually scarcely 

 visible except as a green film over the soil, composed merely of 



