SPRING FLORA OF MANHATTAN. 33 



60. PLANTAGINACEAE. 



Sepals 4. Corolla 4 lobed, dry and papery. Stamens mostly 4, inserted 

 on corolla tube. Leaves radical. Flowers in spikes. 

 PLANTAGO, L. 



Ovary 2-celled, ovules few. Leaves ribbed. 



P. gnaphalioides, Nutt. Leaves narrow, white with silky hairs. 

 Spike narrow, 1-10 cm. Peduncle about 1 dm. Sterile soil, common. 



P. lanceolata, L. Leaves lanceolate. Spike globose or oblong, 

 raised on a long (£ m. or less) peduncle. Meadows, not common. 

 61. RUBIACEAE. 



Calyx adherent to the ovary. Stamens as many as lobes of corolla 

 and inserted on its tube. Leaves opposite, with stipules, or whorled. 



GALIUM, L. 



Corolla 4-parted. Ovary 2-celled, 2-ovuled, separating at maturity 

 into 2 seed-like carpels. Herbs, with whorled leaves, square stems and 

 small flowers. 



O. Aparine, L. A weak, slender annual, with stems retrorsely 

 bristly on the angles. Leaves 8 in a whorl, linear. Flowers ^greenish. 

 Fruit bristly with hooked prickles. 



62. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. 



Differs from the preceding order in having the leaves opposite with- 

 out stipules. Mostly shrubs but ours an herb. 



TRIOSTEUM, L.. 



Calyx lobes 5, linear, persistent, corolla tubular, somewhat irregular, 

 lobes 5. Ovary 3-celled. Fruit 3-seeded, somewhat fleshy. Leaves 

 connate around the stem, the flowers sessile in the axils. 



T. perfoliatum, T. Flowers clustered, dark red. Fruit orange. 

 Woods, frequent. 



63. CAM PAN U LACE A E* 



Calyx adherent to ovary. Corolla 5-lobed. Stamens 5, free from 

 corolla, and distinct Flowers blue. Herbs with milky juice and 

 alternate leaves. 



CAMPANULA, L. 



Capsule opening by 3-5 holes in the sides. 



C. perfoliate/,, L. Leaves rounded, clasping, toothed. A low. simple- 

 stemmed annual with axillary flowers. Open ground, common. 

 64. CICHORIACEAE. 



Flowers in heads surrounded by one or more rows of bracts forming 

 an involucre. Calyx adherent to ovary, lobes absent or represented by 

 scales, bristles or teeth (the pappus) which crown the ovary. Corrolla 

 strap-shaped. Stamens 5, inserted on tube of corolla Ovary 1-celled, 

 1-ovuled. Fruit an achene. Herbs with milky juice and alternate leaves. 

 NOTHOCALAIS, Greene. 



Bracts of involucre erect in 2-3 rows. Leaves radical, linear. Scape 

 bearing a single large head of yellow flowers. Pappus of capillary 

 bristles. 



