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many spruces and firs. On the contrary, they gain in character 

 and picturesque appearance. A number of dwarf, pendulous, and 

 varicolored varieties have been developed by nurserymen from 

 several pines, particularly the common native White and Scotch. 

 Interesting bushy freaks are produced from the Canary Pine, P. 

 canariensis* and the Italian Stone-Pine, P. Pinca, by layering. 

 In this manner, single leaves, as the primary needles of young 

 seedlings, are produced instead of two in a sheath. 



The pines are not suited to pruning. Their foliage is too open 

 to permit such operations and attempts in that direction generally 

 result only in malformation. If their shape is to be controlled at 

 all, the center buds may be removed from such shoots as project 

 beyond proper limits. This will not only hinder the further growth 

 of such undesirable branches, but will tend to direct growth into a 

 more compact form. 



Pines, furthermore, are not adapted for hedges. Their growth 

 is too open and coarse and pruning cannot be resorted to. In addi- 

 tion, they are not shade-enduring and would soon thin out in the 

 interior if they could be trimmed into hedges. The White Pine 

 and the Mugho Pine have, however, served as hedges with some 

 success. 



The pines, as a rule, are less exacting in their soil requirements 

 than are many other evergreens. They are essentially inhabitants 

 of poor sandy soils and dry situations. Their stout deep root 

 system enables them to seek scanty water supplies where other 

 trees find it difficult. They respond best to medium conditions. 

 Their heavy tap root needs a deep mellow well-drained sandy loam 

 soil. Compact clay soils are inimical ; shallow soils cause spindly 

 growth. Wet lowland soils are not to their liking. They prefer 

 well-drained or even dry hilltops to low bottomlands. Generally, 

 they withstand southern exposures better than spruces. Too rich 

 condition is apt to induce rank luxuriant growth that leads to poor 

 form. 



The White Pine lends itself most readily to a variety of soils, 

 including clay. The Red Pine of the North and the Loblolly and 

 the Longleaf of the South exhibit departures from the general 



Specimens of this species will be found in Conservatory Range No. 2. 



