(31) 



We now come to the large planting of Austrian Pines already 

 referred to. Some stand along the ridge to the right ; all the trees 

 to the left except a few to be pointed out are of this kind. They 

 are 



Pinus nigra, the Austrian Pine 



This is perhaps the most successful foreign kind under Ameri- 

 can conditions. It is entirely hardy and endures exposure unusu- 

 ally well, even by the seashore. In this respect it surpasses the 

 hardy Scotch Pine and competes with that more northern tree in 

 beauty as well. It succeeds in very poor or even limy soil, in 

 heavy loam and clay, and thrives in the pure sand of the beach. 

 Its remarkable resistance to strong sea-breezes makes it especially 

 valuable as a shelter tree for more tender stock, as Scotch Pine, 

 and for human habitation. 



The Austrian Pine is widely distributed in southern Europe 

 from Spain to the Crimea and the Caucasus and in Asia Minor to 

 the Taurus Mountains. Consequently there are several geographi - 

 cal varieties, of which we have already met one, the Crimean Pine. 

 In their native range these trees attain heights up to 100 and 150 

 feet. 



Resin has been obtained by tapping the Austrian Pine, but 

 insufficiently to result in serious competition with that secured 

 from the Maritime Pine, Pinus Pinaster, the principal source in 

 Europe. 



In this country the Austrian Pine is very extensively used in 

 decorative planting. Its growth is remarkably rapid and its 

 success is usually assured. The dark needles in groups of twos, 

 up to half a foot in length, occur, with a characteristic twist, in 

 great clumps. 



As we go eastward now along the south side of this Section that 

 faces the large greenhouse we should notice three trees with 

 orange-colored bark. They are laden with cones and stand apart 

 just below the darker and denser Austrian Pines on the crest. 

 They are P. dcnsiflora, (p. 24), the Japanese Red-Pine, the same 

 as those we met in Section 1. 



Above the most easterly one of these Japanese pines stands a 



