xvi THE CAYUGA FLORA. 



ia ; while among the green, luxuriant mosses of the low places occur 

 Cypripedium pubesceus, Mitel la mala, Habenaria fimbria fa, Coptis, 

 Calla, and rarely Corallorhiza innata, Microstylis monophyllos and 

 Trillium cernuum. There is a gradual transition from swampy woods 

 of this character to the deep swamps containing sphagnum. 



7. Sphagnum Swamps and Open Peat-bogs. — Of the first there are 

 fifteen or more, including the springy tracts where sphagnum occurs 

 in some abundance. None of these are extensive, and many are over- 

 grown with Nemopanthes and Vaccinium corymbosum, or in a few 

 cases with Tamarack and Black Spruce. In openings in these we find 

 the royal flowers of Cypripedium spectabile, also Chiogeties the Erio- 

 phorums, Drosera, Habenaria dilatata, Spiranthes Romanzoffiana, 

 and often great masses of Trollius. Some of the same species occur 

 in the sphagnum about the remarkable springs which gush out in 

 great numbers from the drift-banks or the terminal moraines near 

 Mud Creek, near Malloryville, near the Round Marshes and Rake 

 Creek in the valley north of Dryden Lake, near Brookton and W. 



Danby. 



The Open Peat-bogs are few in number and are gradually passing 

 over into the sphagnum swamps ; the Freeville Peat-bog, the Mal- 

 lorvville Marsh and several of the Round Marshes, Larch Meadow, — 

 now drained, — the pond-marsh southeast of Chicago sta. belonging to 

 this type. The Round Marshes, two miles east of McLean, are the 

 most interesting of the group mentioned, principally because the fine 

 old woods of hemlock and birch surrounding them have been most 

 happily preserved by the owners. The marshes consist of a chain of 

 five small peat-bogs, separated by swampy tracts, also a half-sphagnum, 

 natural meadow with sedges, orchids, Menyanthes etc., surrounding a 

 laree spring-pond. Bordering the meadow are a considerable number 

 of the Populus balsamifei-a, var. candicans, probably planted by the 

 first settler of McLean whose cabin was built near the spring in the 

 notch hard by. North, through Gracie's swamp, runs Beaver Creek 

 derived from the numerous springs of this region. The plants of the 

 Open Peat-bogs are better marked as a group, than those of any of 

 the other lesser Floras. They are too well known to need mention, 

 and chiefly belong to the Ericacecc, Orchidacccc, Cypcracecr, and are 

 mostly of northern origin. Sarraecnia occurs in all and Menyanthes 

 in nearly all, Salix myrtilloides and Arcthusa are peculiar to the 

 Freeville bog and Eriophorum at pin urn to the Round Marshes. 



8. The Water-shed Marshes and Ponds. — These marshes often ex- 

 hibit a combination of the floral characters of the several marshes and 

 swamps described. So far as our present knowledge goes the follow- 

 ing plants are peculiar to their respective localities : Potamogeton 

 Spirillus to Cayuta L., Potamogeton obtusifotiiis and Glyceria Cana- 

 densis to Summit Marsh, Rhododendron maximum and Goodyera 

 Menziesii to Michigan Hollow, Carcx capillar is to the Marl Ponds, 

 Myrica Gale to Locke Pond, beside those mentioned at the end of the 

 preceding section. 



9. West Junius. — Newton's two ponds, Lowery's two ponds and a 

 fifth west of these, lie in a sandy rolling country of entirely different 



