THE CAYUGA FLORA. xiii 



the center of all our future explorations and field observations in this 

 region. Although the English measure has been used on the larger 

 map, in the descriptive portion of this introduction, and in the eleva- 

 tions given, because all previous estimates have been in this measure, 

 the Kilometre ' is used on the smaller map. The metric system is 

 used in the body of the catalogue and wherever practicable, for all 

 our permanent scientific records. 



In the catalogue, instant apprehension is desirable rather than 

 brevity in the record, therefore the above system of abbreviations is but 

 sparingly used to indicate localities. Certain woods and other locali- 

 ties, however, are often referred to but are not named on the map. 

 We give these below : 



Bates Woxls, N. A l /z, W. 4^. Negundo Wds. S. 2%, W. 3. 



Dart Woods, S. 3, E. 7. " Nook" greenhouse, N. }(, W. %. 



Eagle Hill, S. 2}&, E. 2%. Renwick Farm, N. 1 to 3, W. o to 5. 



Ferris Brook, (mouth) S. i 1 /, W. f. Rhodes Woods,N. 1%, E. 8.. 



Flemings. House, S. y y 4, W. 3^. Stevens Woods, N. 2, W. 33^. 



Glen Pond.S. }4, W. }4. Valentine Brook, S. i>^, W. \ 



Land-slide (S. M. Cr.) S. 2%, E. ft. Valley Cem., S. 4, W. \%. 



McGowan Woods, S. l 4, E. 2% 2 Willow Pond, S. ft, E. o. 



The necessary reductions and the draughting of the maps were prin- 

 cipally accomplished by my friend and pupil, Mr. O. E. Pearce of the 

 present Senior class, and the Department of Palseobotany at Washing- 

 ton. To his knowledge of botany was added familiarity with techni- 

 cal drawing and his faithful work I cannot too warmly commend. 



The Lesser Floras. 



Naturally a larger Flora is made up of distinct regions each possess- 

 ing its characteristic plants. They might be classified as follows : 



1. The Montezuma and Cayuga Marshes. For convenience we 

 might say the beginning of these marshes was at Farley's Point and 

 Canoga, for here we first strike the peculiar plants of the marshes. 

 These are Hibiscus Moscheutos, Dianthera, Cyperus Michauxianus 

 and C. Engelmanni, Spartina or Cordgrass, Panicum zdrgatum, and 

 formerly Hippuris and Rhexia. In addition to these, at Cayuga 

 Bridge, appear Phragmites or the "Reed," Nymphcsa tuberosa, Mik- 

 ania, Wolffia and Carex alata. For the rest these marshes are made 

 up chief!} 7 of flags, sedges and coarse grasses, the most common being 

 Typha, Scirpus fluviatilis and Deyeuxia Canadensis, which cover 

 the perfectly level, prairie-like expanse for fifteen miles. It is the 

 salt-springs aud brackish soil about them, however, which afford the 

 most unique group. The old Indian salt-springs described by Father 

 Raffeix, 3 west of Cayuga Marshes and north of the Demont bridge, 

 give us Eleocharis rostellata ; and the several abundant springs at 

 Montezuma, one near the canal and two near the banks of Salt Creek, 

 together with their brackish meadows produce the following : 



1 The Kilometre = 0.6213S mile. 



2 Elmwood Glen, Camp Warwick and Franklin's ravine, three ra- 

 vines, either with summer camps or with cottages, occur in the order 

 named north of King's Ferry, Cayuga Lake. 



3 See " Primitive Flora." 



