20 



parts, there would be no part which would not seem confined, 

 there could be no large open single scene, and no such impression 

 or effect on the mind would be produced as there would be, if all 

 the water were collected in one lake, all the trees in one grove, all 

 the strips of grass in one broad meadow. Such aggregations, and 

 consequently the degree of the impression intended to be produced 

 by them, must.be limited by consideration for two other purposes: 

 the purpose of variety of interest, and the purpose to make all the 

 scenery available to the satisfaction of the public by ways of com- 

 munication. Other limitations upon the artistic purpose, again, are 

 imposed by conditions of soil and exposure, by rock and springs. 

 How far each of these can be overcome, as by blasting, draining, 

 grading, screening, manuring and other processes, has to be studied 

 with care, and the artistic purposes of the plan must be affected in 

 every part and particular by the conclusions arrived at. 



In the case before us, it is obvious that we should attempt nothing 

 which is incompatible with, or inappropriate to, comparatively slight 

 variations of surface, and a climate of considerable rigor. On the 

 other hand, there are no protruding ledges of rock, no swamps difficult 

 of drainage, and there is no especial bleakness, or danger to trees 

 from violent winds, to be apprehended. It is under similar condi- 

 tions to these that we find in nature that class of scenery, already 

 referred to, as the original and typical scenery of parks or hunting 

 grounds, and which is termed pastoral. It consists of combinations 

 of trees, standing singly or in groups, and casting their shadows over 

 broad stretches of turf, or repeating their beauty by reflection upon 

 the calm surface of pools, and the predominant associations are in 

 the highest degree tranquilizing and grateful, as expressed by the 

 Hebrew poet : " He maketh me to lie down in green pastures ; He 

 leadeth me beside the still waters." We know of no other land- 

 scape effects that can be commanded, within the limitations fixed by 

 the conditions of this site, which experience shows to be more desira- 

 ble in a town park than these. This being the case, no other should 

 be sought for or retained, if, by discarding them, we can, the better 

 secure these. Only so far then as we can, without sacrificing any 

 thing that will contribute to the highest practicable ideal of pastoral 

 scenery, should we endeavor to secure any degree of those other 

 ideals, of which the best types are found under widely dissimilar 

 circumstances. 



Although we cannot hav wi d mountain defiles, for instance, on 



