51 



the valuation of land, on an average, within the city, and the lighter 

 will be the financial burden of the Corporation. 



EXAMPLE OF A FOURTH STAGE <>!•' STREET ARRANGEMENTS. 



We come, then, to the question of the means by which such an ex- 

 tension can be accomplished. Although no perfect example can be re- 

 ferred to, there have been in Europe a few works by which a similar 



end, (o a certain extent, has been reached. Of these, the most notable 

 is thi' Avenue of the Empress, in Paris, which connects a palace and a 

 pleasure-gi'ound within the town, with a large park situated far out in 

 the suburbs. This avenue, with its planted border, occupies so much 

 ground (it is 429 feet in width) that it may be considered to constitute 

 rather an intermediate pleasure-ground than apart of the general street 

 system. It is lined with a series of detached villa residences, and 

 building-lots facing upbn it are much more valuable than those facing 

 upon the Park. 



The celebrated Linden Avenue, at Berlin, leads likewise from a pal- 

 ace and palace grounds, to a great rural park on the opposite side of 

 the town, through the very midst of which it passes. The finest pri- 

 vate residences and hotels of the town, as well as many public build- 

 ings, such as Art Galleries and Museums, front upon it, and it is 

 equally convenient for all the ordinary purposes of a street with any 

 other. It nevertheless differs essentially from an ordinary business 

 street, in that the process which we have described, by which wagon- 

 ways were introduced into the old streets, has been carried one step 

 further, the wagon-way having itself been divided as the foot-way for- 

 merly was, and a space of ground having" been introduced, within 

 which there is a shaded walk or mall, and a bridle-road, with strips of 

 turf and trees. 



THE PARKWAY. — A FIFTH STAGE, 



The ''Parkway''' plan which we now propose advances still another 

 step, the mall being" again divided into two parts to make room for a cen- 

 tral road-way, prepared with express reference to pleasure-riding and 

 driving, the ordinary paved, traffic road-ways, with their flagged side- 

 walks remaining still on the outside of the public mall for pedestrians, 

 as in the Berlin example. The plan in this way provides for each of 

 the several requirements which we have thus far examined, giving ac- 

 cess for the purposes of ordinary traffic to all the houses that front 

 upon it, offering a special road for driving and riding without turning 

 commercial vehicles from the right of way, ami furnishing ample public 

 walks, with room for seats, and with borders of turf in which trees may 



