Flora of the Allegany State Park Region 13 



places make good trail routes. Bay State (valley and 

 run) is derived from the name of the lumber company 

 of that name, while Frecks, the former post office name 

 of the settlement on upper Quaker run, was derived from 

 the name of the head sawyer of the Bond Lumber 

 Company. 



AGRICULTURE 



In proportion to the area, agriculture occupies a minor 

 position as compared with the region north and west of 

 the Allegheny valley. This is due to the very limited 

 extent of soils favorable for agricultural operations. 

 Most of the fertile soils occupy slopes too steep for farm- 

 ing. Much of the Allegheny valley is occupied by sandy 

 or gravelly benches of sterile or acid soils, interspersed 

 with fertile deltas around the openings of the branch 

 valleys where materials brought down from the Chemung 

 shales of the higher slopes have produced comparatively 

 fertile spots. 



The Chemung shales outcrop on the lower slopes of 

 the region. The conglomerate formation is found on the 

 higher ridges and upper slopes, where in some places 

 there are quite extensive areas of nearly level land, but 

 with absolutely sterile acid soil. The results of agricul- 

 tural attempts on this soil is indicated by the character of 

 the cleared land on Parker hill. That there was a more 

 fertile character to the soil on the conglomerate forma- 

 tion under primeval conditions is probable from a com- 

 parison with the vegetation and soil conditions of the 

 semiprimeval forest on the conglomerate immediately 

 south of the Salamanca "Rock City." 



It appears from surface geological evidence that there 

 was an enormous outwash of material from the front 

 of the glacial ice during the close of the glacial period. 

 The front of the glacial ice reached the hills along the 



