Flora of the . lllegany State Park Region 173 



uralized species on these cinder deposits, species common 

 along the adjacent tracks, seems to indicate that the cin- 

 ders alone offer no special attraction to them and that 

 their abundance on the tracks is more dependent upon 

 some physical condition of the cinder and slag ballast. 

 This may he the more recent and frequently disturbed 

 surface between the tracks and along the sides of the 

 tracks. 



3 Tunungwant Valley 



Between Limestone and the north end of the Tunun- 

 gwant valley there is very little grade. In consequence 

 there are several bayous or ox-hows of the Tunungwant 

 creek north of Limestone and the general character of the 

 bottomlands is swampy and lacking in the immense de- 

 posits of glacial material which characterizes the Allegheny 

 valley between Salamanca and Onoville. It is possible 

 that at least toward the close of the glacial period the 

 northern end of the Tunungwant valley was closed by 

 glacial debris and that a temporary lake was formed. 

 Certainly the alluvial deposits north of Limestone consist 

 of several feet of fine-mixed clay and sand, and in con- 

 sequence the vegetation of this portion of the valley pre- 

 sents some marked differences from that of the Allegheny 

 valley on the west side of the park area. 



The character of the primeval forest in the Tunungwant 

 valley can only be surmised, as all of the valley has been 

 more or less cleared, and the present swamp forests are 

 but remnants. Southward toward Bradford and on the 

 drier portions of the valley, hickory is more abundant 

 than anywhere else in this region, while toward the north 

 end of the valley there are wooded swamps and open 

 marshes of considerable extent. 



